55 research outputs found
The intergenerational association between parents' problem gambling and impulsivity-hyperactivity/inattention behaviors in children
Despite the well-established association between problem gambling and ADHD core categories of impulsivity-hyperactivity and inattention, the link between parentsβ problem gambling and impulsivity-hyperactivity/inattention (IH/I) behaviors in children has not been investigated. This study investigated the association between parentsβ problem gambling and childrenβs IH/I behaviors while controlling for potential confounding variables. A population-based prospective cohort followed-up from kindergarten to age 30, the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Kindergarten Children (QLSKC), provided data over three generations. Among 1358 participants at age 30, parents with a child aged 1 year or older (N=468; Mean age=4.65 years; SD=2.70) were selected. Generalized Linear Models included measures of grandparentsβ and parentsβ problem gambling, parentsβ IH/I behaviors in childhood, and a host of risk factors and comorbidities to predict IH/I in children. Intergenerational bivariate associations were observed between grandparentsβ problem gambling, parentsβ IH/I in childhood and problem gambling at age 30, and between parentsβ IH/I, problem gambling, and childrenβs IH/I behaviors. Parentsβ problem gambling predicted childrenβs IH/I behaviors above and beyond the effects of covariates such as family and socioeconomic characteristics, alcohol and drug use, depression symptoms and parentsβ gambling involvement. Parentsβ IH/I behaviors in childhood also predicted childrenβs IH/I and had a moderating, enhancing effect on parentsβ problem gambling association with their offspringβs IH/I behaviors. Problem gambling is a characteristic of parentsβ mental health that is distinctively associated with childrenβs IH/I behaviors, above and beyond parentsβ own history of IH/I and of typically related addictive, psychopathological or socioeconomic risk factors and comorbidities
Proteomics of Buccal Cavity Mucus in Female Tilapia Fish (Oreochromis spp.): A Comparison between Parental and Non-Parental Fish
Mouthbrooding is an elaborate form of parental care displayed by many teleost
species. While the direct benefits of mouthbrooding such as protection and
transportation of offsprings are known, it is unclear if mouthbrooding offers
additional benefits to embryos during incubation. In addition, mouthbrooding
could incur negative costs on parental fish, due to limited feeding
opportunities. Parental tilapia fish (Oreochromis spp.) display
an elaborated form of parental care by incubating newly hatched embryos in oral
buccal cavity until the complete adsorption of yolk sac. In order to understand
the functional aspects of mouthbrooding, we undertake a proteomics approach to
compare oral mucus sampled from mouthbrooders and non-mouthbrooders,
respectively. Majority of the identified proteins have also been previously
identified in other biological fluids or mucus-rich organs in different
organisms. We also showed the upregulation of 22 proteins and down regulation of
3 proteins in mucus collected from mouthbrooders. Anterior gradient protein,
hemoglobin beta-A chain and alpha-2 globin levels were lower in mouthbrooder
samples. Mouthbrooder oral mucus collectively showed increase levels of proteins
related to cytoskeletal properties, glycolytic pathway and mediation of
oxidative stress. Overall the findings suggest cellular stress response,
probably to support production of mucus during mouthbrooding phase
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) post-smolts challenged two or nine weeks after seawater-transfer show differences in their susceptibility to salmonid alphavirus subtype 3 (SAV3)
The influence of muscular action on bone strength via exercise
Mechanical stimuli influence bone strength, with internal muscular forces thought to be the greatest stressors of bone. Consequently, the effects of exercise in improving and maintaining bone strength have been explored in a number of interventional studies. These studies demonstrate a positive effect of high-impact activities (i.e. where large muscle forces are produced) on bone strength, with benefits being most pronounced in interventions in early pubertal children. However, current studies have not investigated the forces acting on bones and subsequent deformation, preventing the development of optimised and targeted exercise interventions. Similarly, the effects of number and frequency of exercise repetitions and training sessions on bone accrual are unexplored. There are conflicting results as to gender effects on bone response to exercise, and the effects of age and starting age on the osteogenic effects of exercise are not well known. It also appears that exercise interventions are most effective in physically inactive people or counteracting conditions of disuse such as bed rest. Bone strength is only one component of fracture risk, and it may be that exercise resulting in improvements in, e.g., muscle force/power and/or balance is more effective than those whose effects are solely osteogenic. In summary, exercise is likely to be an effective tool in maintaining bone strength but current interventions are far from optimal. Β© Springer Science+Business Media 2013
A case-control study of hypocalcemia in high-risk neonates: racial, but no seasonal differences.
- β¦