Global, regional, and national incidence of six major immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: findings from the global burden of disease study 2019

BACKGROUND: The causes for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are diverse and the incidence trends of IMIDs from specific causes are rarely studied. The study aims to investigate the pattern and trend of IMIDs from 1990 to 2019. METHODS: We collected detailed information on six major causes of IMIDs, including asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis, between 1990 and 2019, derived from the Global Burden of Disease study in 2019. The average annual percent change (AAPC) in number of incidents and age standardized incidence rate (ASR) on IMIDs, by sex, age, region, and causes, were calculated to quantify the temporal trends. FINDINGS: In 2019, rheumatoid arthritis, atopic dermatitis, asthma, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease accounted 1.59%, 36.17%, 54.71%, 0.09%, 6.84%, 0.60% of overall new IMIDs cases, respectively. The ASR of IMIDs showed substantial regional and global variation with the highest in High SDI region, High-income North America, and United States of America. Throughout human lifespan, the age distribution of incident cases from six IMIDs was quite different. Globally, incident cases of IMIDs increased with an AAPC of 0.68 and the ASR decreased with an AAPC of −0.34 from 1990 to 2019. The incident cases increased across six IMIDs, the ASR of rheumatoid arthritis increased (0.21, 95% CI 0.18, 0.25), while the ASR of asthma (AAPC = −0.41), inflammatory bowel disease (AAPC = −0.72), multiple sclerosis (AAPC = −0.26), psoriasis (AAPC = −0.77), and atopic dermatitis (AAPC = −0.15) decreased. The ASR of overall and six individual IMID increased with SDI at regional and global level. Countries with higher ASR in 1990 experienced a more rapid decrease in ASR. INTERPRETATION: The incidence patterns of IMIDs varied considerably across the world. Innovative prevention and integrative management strategy are urgently needed to mitigate the increasing ASR of rheumatoid arthritis and upsurging new cases of other five IMIDs, respectively. FUNDING: The Global Burden of Disease Study is funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. The project funded by Scientific Research Fund of Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital (2022QN38)

Biochronostratigraphy and paleoenvironment analysis of Neogene deposits from the Pelotas Basin (well 2-TG-96-RS), Southernmost Brazil

This paper presents the integration of micropaleontological (palynology and foraminifera) and isotopic (87Sr/86Sr) analysis of a selected interval from the well 2-TG-96-RS, drilled on the onshore portion of the Pelotas Basin, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A total of eight samples of the section between 140.20 and 73.50 m in depth was selected for palynological analysis, revealing diversified and abundant palynomorph associations. Species of spores, pollen grains and dinoflagellate cysts are the most common palynomorphs found. Planktic and benthic calcareous foraminifera were recovered from the lowest two levels of the section (140.20 and 134.30 m). Based on the stratigraphic range of the species of dinoflagellate cysts and sporomorphs, a span age from Late Miocene to Early Pliocene is assigned. The relative age obtained from the 87Sr/86Sr ratio in shells of calcareous foraminifers indicates a Late Miocene (Messinian) correspondence, corroborating the biostratigraphic positioning performed with palynomorphs. Paleoenvironmental interpretations based on the quantitative distribution of organic components (palynomorphs, phytoclasts and amorphous organic matter) throughout the section and on foraminiferal associations indicate a shallow marine depositional environment for the section. Two palynologicals intervals were recognized based on palynofacies analysis, related to middle to outer shelf (140.20 to 128.90 m) and inner shelf (115.75 to 73.50 m) conditions

Avaliação das habilidades pragmáticas e sociais em crianças com distúrbio específico de linguagem

OBJETIVO: avaliar as habilidades sociais de comunicação e pragmáticas em crianças com Distúrbio Específico de Linguagem. MÉTODO: participaram do estudo 18 crianças, entre sete e nove anos, sendo que metade (n=9) constituiu o grupo experimental (GE) e a outra metade (n=9) constituiu o grupo controle GC. Ambos os grupos foram formados por três meninas e seis meninos. As crianças foram avaliadas quanto às habilidades pragmáticas por meio de uma filmagem de fala espontânea. Em seguida, filmadas em situação estruturada de interação com um adulto desconhecido do sexo feminino. As respostas foram classificadas em categorias e agrupadas em Repostas Adequadas (RA) e Repostas Inadequadas (RI), sempre de acordo com o contexto comunicativo estabelecido. RESULTADOS: foi possível observar que quanto maior a limitação em habilidades pragmáticas, pior a iniciativa e desempenho nas relações interpessoais. Houve uma diferença significante entre os grupos GE e GC, mostrando que o GE apresentou desempenho inferior ao GC tanto em habilidades pragmáticas quanto sociais. CONCLUSÃO: ressalta-se a importância de elaborar métodos de intervenção que busquem tanto a melhoria nos aspectos de fala e linguagem quanto nas relações interpessoais.PURPOSE: to evaluate the social skills and pragmatic communication in children with Specific Language Impairment. METHOD: this study involved 18 children between seven and nine year old, with half (n = 9) being the Experimental Group (EG) and the other half (n = 9) the Control Group CG. Both groups were comprised of three girls and six boys. Children were evaluated as for pragmatic abilities through a spontaneous speech footage. Then, recorded in structured situations of interaction with an unfamiliar adult female. Responses were classified in categories and grouped in Adequate Response (AR) and Inadequate Responses (IR), always according to the communicative context established. RESULTS: it was observed that the greater is the limitation in pragmatic abilities, initiative and performance are worst in interpersonal relationships. There was a significant difference between EG and CG, indicating that the EG had underperformed the CG in both pragmatic and social skills. CONCLUSION: we stress out the importance of developing methods regarding intervention that seek to improve the aspects of speech, language, and interpersonal relationships