Machine learning for BMS analysis and optimisation

In large buildings, linking heating, cooling or ventilation systems between themselves and to physical spaces is a very time-consuming task that requires highly skilled engineering knowledge, as all these systems are interconnected and they have a certain influence to each other (ventilation systems are often connected to heating and cooling), which often makes task of locating the sources of error or anomalies very time consuming and difficult as they are performed manually. A different approach would be to work out relationships and equipment linkage from time series data provided by the sensors, thus inferring equipment links from which anomalies can be traced back to the source more easily. This paper proposes a data-based solution to obtain equipment relationships based on cross-correlations to relate Air Handling Units (AHUs) to their respective areas of operation. We also propose a methodology, in particular for AHUs, to identify whether or not to trust correlations based on the difference between supply and return temperature. A case study is presented based a large building with 16 AHU systems.Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy of the United Kingdom; College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences of Brunel University Londo

Machine learning for text classification in building management systems

Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). In building management systems (BMS), a medium building may have between 200 and 1000 sensor points. Their labels need to be translated into a naming standard so they can be automatically recognised by the BMS platform. The current industrial practices often manually translate these points into labels (this is known as the tagging process), which takes around 8 hours for every 100 points. We introduce an AI-based multi-stage text classification that translates BMS points into formatted BMS labels. After comparing five different techniques for text classification (logistic regression, random forests, XGBoost, multinomial Naive Bayes and linear support vector classification), we demonstrate that XGBoost is the top performer with 90.29% of true positives, and use the prediction confidence to filter out false positives. This approach can be applied in sensors networks in various applications, where manual free-text data pre-processing remains cumbersome.Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy of the United Kingdom; Brunel University Londo

The Regulation and Expression of the Creatine Transporter: A Brief Review of Creatine Supplementation in Humans and Animals

Creatine monohydrate has become one of the most popular ergogenic sport supplements used today. It is a nonessential dietary compound that is both endogenously synthesized and naturally ingested through diet. Creatine ingested through supplementation has been observed to be absorbed into the muscle exclusively by means of a creatine transporter, CreaT1. The major rationale of creatine supplementation is to maximize the increase within the intracellular pool of total creatine (creatine + phosphocreatine). There is much evidence indicating that creatine supplementation can improve athletic performance and cellular bioenergetics, although variability does exist. It is hypothesized that this variability is due to the process that controls both the influx and efflux of creatine across the cell membrane, and is likely due to a decrease in activity of the creatine transporter from various compounding factors. Furthermore, additional data suggests that an individual's initial biological profile may partially determine the efficacy of a creatine supplementation protocol. This brief review will examine both animal and human research in relation to the regulation and expression of the creatine transporter (CreaT). The current literature is very preliminary in regards to examining how creatine supplementation affects CreaT expression while concomitantly following a resistance training regimen. In conclusion, it is prudent that future research begin to examine CreaT expression due to creatine supplementation in humans in much the same way as in animal models

Deactylase inhibition in myeloproliferative neoplasms

Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are clonal haemopoietic progenitor cell disorders characterized by the proliferation of one or more of the haemopoietic lineages (myeloid, erythroid and/or megakaryocytic). The MPNs include eight haematological disorders: chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), primary myelofibrosis (PMF), systemic mastocytosis (SM), chronic eosinophilic leukemia, not otherwise specified (CEL, NOS), chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL), and unclassifiable MPN (MPN, U). Therapeutic interventions for MPNs include the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) for BCR-ABL1+ CML and JAK2 inhibitors for PV, ET and PMF. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are a novel class of drugs capable of altering the acetylation status of both histone and non-histone proteins, thereby affecting a repertoire of cellular functions in neoplastic cells including proliferation, differentiation, immune responses, angiogenesis and survival. Preliminary studies indicate that HDACi when used in combination with tyrosine kinase or JAK2 inhibitors may overcome resistance to the latter agents and enhance the pro-apoptotic effects on MPN cells. This review provides a review of pre-clinical and clinical studies that have explored the use of HDACi as potential therapeutics for MPNs

Affirmative actions in terms of special rights:Confronting structural violence in Brazilian higher education

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-04T12:14:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-07-01Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)In this article, the authors interpret affirmative actions with reference to structural violence, which is accompanied by legitimizing discourses that tend to make discrimination appear natural and unquestionable. They illustrate the extension of structural violence in Brazilian society with particular reference to access to higher education. It has been common to talk about some groups of students as having special needs. However, the authors see groups of students suffering structural violence as being groups with special rights, and explore affirmative actions through the notion of special rights. The authors find that special-rights terminology establishes the discussion of affirmative actions in higher education in a broader and, at the same time, more profound conceptual framework related to interpretations of social justice. Simultaneously, special-rights terminology brings an educational specificity to the discussion of affirmative actions. Thus, the authors see affirmative actions as being both a general sociopolitical and specific educational challenge.Univ Fed Alfenas, Dept Math, 700th Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St, BR-37130001 Alfenas, MG, BrazilAalborg Univ, Dept Learning & Philosophy, Aalborg, DenmarkState Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Math Educ, Sao Paulo, BrazilState Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Math Educ, Sao Paulo, BrazilCAPES: 2014/05584-

Comparison of hemodynamic, biochemical and hematological parameters of healthy pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy and the active labor phase

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Pregnancy is accompanied by several hemodynamic, biochemical and hematological changes which revert to normal values after labor. The mean values of these parameters have been reported for developed countries, but not for Mexican women. Furthermore, labor constitutes a stress situation, in which these factors may be altered. It is known that serologic increase of heat shock protein (Hsp) 70 is associated with abnormal pregnancies, presenting very low level in normal pregnant women. Nevertheless, there are no studies where these measurements are compared in healthy pregnant women at their third trimester of pregnancy (3TP) and the active labor phase (ActLP).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Seventy five healthy Mexican pregnant women were included. Hemodynamic, biochemical and hematological parameters were obtained in all cases, and serum Hsp70 levels were measured in a sample of 15 women at 3TP and at ActLP.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Significant differences were found in most analysis performed and in Hsp70 concentration at 3TP as compared to ActLP, however all were within normal range in both conditions, supporting that only in pathological pregnancies Hsp70 is drastically increased.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Results obtained indicate that 3TP and ActLP have clinical similarities in normal pregnancies, therefore if abnormalities are found during 3TP, precautions should be taken before ActLP.</p

Influence of antenatal physical exercise on haemodynamics in pregnant women: a flexible randomisation approach

Background: Normal pregnancy is associated with marked changes in haemodynamic function, however theinfluence and potential benefits of antenatal physical exercise at different stages of pregnancy and postpartumremain unclear. The aim of this study was therefore to characterise the influence of regular physical exercise onhaemodynamic variables at different stages of pregnancy and also in the postpartum period.Methods: Fifty healthy pregnant women were recruited and randomly assigned (2 × 2 × 2 design) to a land orwater-based exercise group or a control group. Exercising groups attended weekly classes from the 20th week ofpregnancy onwards. Haemodynamic assessments (heart rate, cardiac output, stroke volume, total peripheralresistance, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and end diastolic index) were performed using the Task Forcehaemodynamic monitor at 12–16, 26–28, 34–36 and 12 weeks following birth, during a protocol including posturalmanoeurvres (supine and standing) and light exercise.Results: In response to an acute bout of exercise in the postpartum period, stroke volume and end diastolic indexwere greater in the exercise group than the non-exercising control group (p = 0.041 and p = 0.028 respectively).Total peripheral resistance and diastolic blood pressure were also lower (p = 0.015 and p = 0.007, respectively) in theexercise group. Diastolic blood pressure was lower in the exercise group during the second trimester (p = 0.030).Conclusions: Antenatal exercise does not appear to substantially alter maternal physiology with advancinggestation, speculating that the already vast changes in maternal physiology mask the influences of antenatalexercise, however it does appear to result in an improvement in a woman’s haemodynamic function (enhancedventricular ejection performance and reduced blood pressure) following the end of pregnancy