Neighborhood and weight-related health behaviors in the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) Study

Previous studies have shown that neighborhood factors are associated with obesity, but few studies have evaluated the association with weight control behaviors. This study aims to conduct a multi-level analysis to examine the relationship between neighborhood SES and weight-related health behaviors. In this ancillary study to Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) a trial of long-term weight loss among individuals with type 2 diabetes, individual-level data on 1219 participants from 4 clinic sites at baseline were linked to neighborhood-level data at the tract level from the 2000 US Census and other databases. Neighborhood variables included SES (% living below the federal poverty level) and the availability of food stores, convenience stores, and restaurants. Dependent variables included BMI, eating patterns, weight control behaviors and resource use related to food and physical activity. Multi-level models were used to account for individual-level SES and potential confounders. The availability of restaurants was related to several eating and weight control behaviors. Compared to their counterparts in neighborhoods with fewer restaurants, participants in neighborhoods with more restaurants were more likely to eat breakfast (prevalence Ratio [PR] 1.29 95% CI: 1.01-1.62) and lunch (PR = 1.19, 1.04-1.36) at non-fast food restaurants. They were less likely to be attempting weight loss (OR = 0.93, 0.89-0.97) but more likely to engage in weight control behaviors for food and physical activity, respectively, than those who lived in neighborhoods with fewer restaurants. In contrast, neighborhood SES had little association with weight control behaviors. In this selected group of weight loss trial participants, restaurant availability was associated with some weight control practices, but neighborhood SES was not. Future studies should give attention to other populations and to evaluating various aspects of the physical and social environment with weight control practices

Pedalando em busca de alternativas saudáveis e sustentáveis Cycling to achieve healthy and sustainable alternatives

A busca por cidades e cidadãos mais saudáveis vem contribuindo para o fortalecimento de políticas públicas de valorização da bicicleta como meio de transporte em diferentes países, oferecendo benefícios para a promoção da saúde, mas também podendo ampliar o risco de acidentes. Esta revisão tem como objetivo analisar a produção científica que trata da relação entre o ciclismo como meio de transporte e a saúde pública. As bases de dados utilizadas foram PubMed, Lilacs e SciELO, com 66 artigos completos selecionados. Os resultados demonstram que é recente a preocupação com este tema, especialmente nos países em desenvolvimento. Os principais temas abordados pelos pesquisadores foram: segurança no trânsito, políticas públicas e os efeitos do ciclismo na saúde. Conclui-se que o padrão de utilização da bicicleta como meio de transporte ocorre de forma bastante heterogênea, mas com potenciais maiores impactos nos países em desenvolvimento, aonde torna-se urgente a inclusão deste tema nas agendas de pesquisas sobre a relação entre promoção do transporte ativo, saúde e segurança no trânsito.<br>The quest for healthier cities and citizens has contributed to the strengthening of public policies championing the bicycle as a means of transportation and offering benefits to individual wellbeing in various countries, however there is also an increased risk of accidents. The scope of this review is to analyze scientific output dealing with the relationship between cycling as a means of transportation and public health. PubMed, LILACS and SciELO were the chosen databases used in the research and 66 complete articles were selected. The results show that concern about this theme is recent, especially in developing countries. The most recurrent topics raised by the researchers were: traffic safety, public policies and the effects of cycling on health. We concluded that the decision to use the bicycle as a means of transportation occurs in a very heterogeneous manner, albeit with potentially greater impacts in developing countries where the inclusion of this theme in the research agendas related to the promotion of active transport, health and traffic safety is a matter of urgency