The linkage between stock market returns and GDP growth rate in the United States

1 online resource (4, 26 leaves) : ill.Includes abstract and appendix.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 23-24).The purpose of this project is to determine the relationship between stock market returns and GDP growth in the United States, and the reasons will be discovered as well. In this changing global financial market, the results discovered will hopefully provide investors advice and assistance in making investment decisions

Two mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases, MKK1 and MEK2, are involved in wounding- and specialist lepidopteran herbivore Manduca sexta-induced responses in Nicotiana attenuata

In a wild tobacco plant, Nicotiana attenuata, two mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), salicylic acid-induced protein kinase (SIPK) and wound-induced protein kinase (WIPK), play central roles in modulating herbivory-induced phytohormone and anti-herbivore secondary metabolites. However, the identities of their upstream MAPK kinases (MAPKKs) were elusive. Ectopic overexpression studies in N. benthamiana and N. tabacum suggested that two MAPKKs, MKK1 and MEK2, may activate SIPK and WIPK. The homologues of MKK1 and MEK2 were cloned in N. attenuata (NaMKK1 and NaMEK2) and a virus-induced gene silencing approach was used to knock-down the transcript levels of these MAPKK genes. Plants silenced in NaMKK1 and NaMEK2 were treated with wounding or simulated herbivory by applying the oral secretions of the specialist herbivore Manduca sexta to wounds. MAPK activity assay indicated that after wounding or simulated herbivory NaMKK1 is not required for the phosphorylation of NaSIPK and NaWIPK; in contrast, NaMEK2 and other unknown MAPKKs are important for simulated herbivory-elicited activation of NaSIPK and NaWIPK, and after wounding NaMEK2 probably does not activate NaWIPK but plays a minor role in activating NaSIPK. Consistently, NaMEK2 and certain other MAPKKs, but not NaMKK1, are needed for wounding- and simulated herbivory-elicited accumulation of jasmonic acid (JA), JA–isoleucine, and ethylene. Furthermore, both NaMEK2 and NaMKK1 regulate the levels of trypsin proteinase inhibitors. The findings underscore the complexity of MAPK signalling pathways and highlight the importance of MAPKKs in regulating wounding- and herbivory-induced responses

NPA: Neural News Recommendation with Personalized Attention

News recommendation is very important to help users find interested news and alleviate information overload. Different users usually have different interests and the same user may have various interests. Thus, different users may click the same news article with attention on different aspects. In this paper, we propose a neural news recommendation model with personalized attention (NPA). The core of our approach is a news representation model and a user representation model. In the news representation model we use a CNN network to learn hidden representations of news articles based on their titles. In the user representation model we learn the representations of users based on the representations of their clicked news articles. Since different words and different news articles may have different informativeness for representing news and users, we propose to apply both word- and news-level attention mechanism to help our model attend to important words and news articles. In addition, the same news article and the same word may have different informativeness for different users. Thus, we propose a personalized attention network which exploits the embedding of user ID to generate the query vector for the word- and news-level attentions. Extensive experiments are conducted on a real-world news recommendation dataset collected from MSN news, and the results validate the effectiveness of our approach on news recommendation

ARFA: An Asymmetric Receptive Field Autoencoder Model for Spatiotemporal Prediction

Spatiotemporal prediction aims to generate future sequences by paradigms learned from historical contexts. It holds significant importance in numerous domains, including traffic flow prediction and weather forecasting. However, existing methods face challenges in handling spatiotemporal correlations, as they commonly adopt encoder and decoder architectures with identical receptive fields, which adversely affects prediction accuracy. This paper proposes an Asymmetric Receptive Field Autoencoder (ARFA) model to address this issue. Specifically, we design corresponding sizes of receptive field modules tailored to the distinct functionalities of the encoder and decoder. In the encoder, we introduce a large kernel module for global spatiotemporal feature extraction. In the decoder, we develop a small kernel module for local spatiotemporal information reconstruction. To address the scarcity of meteorological prediction data, we constructed the RainBench, a large-scale radar echo dataset specific to the unique precipitation characteristics of inland regions in China for precipitation prediction. Experimental results demonstrate that ARFA achieves consistent state-of-the-art performance on two mainstream spatiotemporal prediction datasets and our RainBench dataset, affirming the effectiveness of our approach. This work not only explores a novel method from the perspective of receptive fields but also provides data support for precipitation prediction, thereby advancing future research in spatiotemporal prediction.Comment: 0 pages, 5 figure

MicroRNA-184 downregulates nuclear receptor corepressor 2 in mouse spermatogenesis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>There have been increasing attentions on the role of small RNAs, especially microRNAs in post-transcriptional gene regulation during spermatogenesis. MicroRNA-184 (miR-184) has been shown to be mainly expressed in the testis and brain, and that its expression levels are by far the highest in the testis. However, the role of miR-184 in mammalian spermatogenesis remains unclear.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In this study, we demonstrated that miR-184 levels were increased during mouse postnatal testis development. Specifically, miR-184 expression was restricted to the germ cells from spermatogonia to round spermatids. Overexpression of miR-184 promoted the proliferation of a germ cell line, GC-1spg. Moreover, miR-184 downregulated <it>nuclear receptor corepressor 2 </it>(<it>Ncor2</it>) by targeting its 3' untranslated region through inhibiting NCOR2 protein translation.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>MiR-184 may be involved in the post-transcription regulation of mRNAs such as <it>Ncor2 </it>in mammalian spermatogenesis.</p

Coordinated Formation Control for Intelligent and Connected Vehicles in Multiple Traffic Scenarios

In this paper, a unified multi-vehicle formation control framework for Intelligent and Connected Vehicles (ICVs) that can apply to multiple traffic scenarios is proposed. In the one-dimensional scenario, different formation geometries are analyzed and the interlaced structure is mathematically modelized to improve driving safety while making full use of the lane capacity. The assignment problem for vehicles and target positions is solved using Hungarian Algorithm to improve the flexibility of the method in multiple scenarios. In the two-dimensional scenario, an improved virtual platoon method is proposed to transfer the complex two-dimensional passing problem to the one-dimensional formation control problem based on the idea of rotation projection. Besides, the vehicle regrouping method is proposed to connect the two scenarios. Simulation results prove that the proposed multi-vehicle formation control framework can apply to multiple typical scenarios and have better performance than existing methods