12 research outputs found
Effect of Sub-Lethal Exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation on the Escape Performance of Atlantic Cod Larvae (Gadus morhua)
The amount of ultraviolet (UV) radiation reaching the earth's surface has increased due to depletion of the ozone layer. Several studies have reported that UV radiation reduces survival of fish larvae. However, indirect and sub-lethal impacts of UV radiation on fish behavior have been given little consideration. We observed the escape performance of larval cod (24 dph, SL: 7.6±0.2 mm; 29 dph, SL: 8.2±0.3 mm) that had been exposed to sub-lethal levels of UV radiation vs. unexposed controls. Two predators were used (in separate experiments): two-spotted goby (Gobiusculus flavescens; a suction predator) and lion's mane jellyfish (Cyanea capillata; a “passive" ambush predator). Ten cod larvae were observed in the presence of a predator for 20 minutes using a digital video camera. Trials were replicated 4 times for goby and 5 times for jellyfish. Escape rate (total number of escapes/total number of attacks ×100), escape distance and the number of larvae remaining at the end of the experiment were measured. In the experiment with gobies, in the UV-treated larvae, both escape rate and escape distance (36%, 38±7.5 mm respectively) were significantly lower than those of control larvae (75%, 69±4.7 mm respectively). There was a significant difference in survival as well (UV: 35%, Control: 63%). No apparent escape response was observed, and survival rate was not significantly different, between treatments (UV: 66%, Control: 74%) in the experiment with jellyfish. We conclude that the effect and impact of exposure to sub-lethal levels of UV radiation on the escape performance of cod larvae depends on the type of predator. Our results also suggest that prediction of UV impacts on fish larvae based only on direct effects are underestimations
Two novel missense substitutions in the VSX1 gene: clinical and genetic analysis of families with Keratoconus from India
Polyanion-mediated mineralization ? assembly and reorganization of acidic polysaccharides in the Golgi system of a coccolithophorid alga during mineral deposition
Chloroplastic metabolic engineering coupled with isoprenoid pool enhancement for committed taxanes biosynthesis in Nicotiana benthamiana
In vitro culture of potato
The cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum) is a crop of considerable imporÂtance, ranking fourth in world production after wheat, rice and maize. It is thus the most important dicotyledonous crop species, and the most important tuber crop. There are seven cultivated species of potato, which range in chromosome numbers from diploid (24 chromosomes) to triploid, tetraploid and pentaploid. S. tuberosum subspecies tuberosum is normally regarded as the cultivated potato, and is the most widely grown; cultivation of subspecies andigena is restricted to the Andes region of S. America. In addition to the seven cultivated species, there are documented a further 228 wild species. Thus there is a wide gene pool of genetic diversity (Hawkes, 1990)