5 research outputs found
The Formation of the First Massive Black Holes
- Author
- A Cattaneo
- A Cavaliere
- A Escala
- A Gould
- A Gualandris
- A Heger
- A Jenkins
- A Kashlinsky
- A Lawrence
- A Mesinger
- A Mesinger
- A Sesana
- A Sesana
- A Sesana
- A Stacy
- A Stacy
- A Vecchio
- A.A. Thoul
- AR King
- B Ciardi
- B Devecchi
- B Kocsis
- BJ Carr
- BT Draine
- BW O’Shea
- C Dotan
- CF Gammie
- CF McKee
- CJ Willott
- CJ Willott
- CJ Willott
- CR Keeton
- D Galli
- D Kereš
- D Merritt
- D Merritt
- D Proga
- D Sijacki
- D Spolyar
- D Spolyar
- D Tseliakhovich
- DC Heggie
- DE Vanden Berk
- DJ Eisenstein
- DM Alexander
- DQ Lamb
- DR Garnett
- DRG Schleicher
- DS Reed
- E Noyola
- E Quataert
- EJM Colbert
- EL Turner
- ET Vishniac
- F Hoyle
- F Iocco
- F Mahmood Khan
- F Palla
- F Shankar
- F Shankar
- F Shankar
- F Shankar
- F Walter
- F. Shankar
- FH Shu
- FI Pelupessy
- G Efstathiou
- G Efstathiou
- G Lodato
- G.T. Richards
- GA Shields
- GD Quinlan
- GJ Wasserburg
- GM Fuller
- GR Zeimann
- H Baumgardt
- H Kang
- H Kang
- H Netzer
- H Umeda
- H Zhao
- HM Lee
- I Shlosman
- ID McGreer
- ID McGreer
- IV Igumenshchev
- J Arons
- J Binney
- J Binney
- J Brinchmann
- J Greiner
- J Guedes
- J Guedes
- J Miralda-Escudé
- J Silk
- J Tumlinson
- J Yoo
- J Zhang
- J. Goodman
- JA Kollmeier
- JA Regan
- JB Haislip
- JC Tan
- JD Kurk
- JD Kurk
- JD Silverman
- JF Hawley
- JF Navarro
- JF Navarro
- JG Baker
- JG Baker
- JH Wise
- JH Wise
- JM Bromley
- JM Comerford
- JM Stone
- JM Stone
- JP Ostriker
- JSB Wyithe
- JSB Wyithe
- JSB Wyithe
- JSB Wyithe
- JSB Wyithe
- K Freese
- K Gebhardt
- K Gebhardt
- K Gebhardt
- K Menou
- K Omukai
- K Omukai
- KG Arun
- L Blecha
- L Ciotti
- L Ferrarese
- L Hoffman
- L Jiang
- L Jiang
- LC Ho
- M Dijkstra
- M Dijkstra
- M Dijkstra
- M Elvis
- M Milosavljević
- M Milosavljević
- M Saijo
- M Shibata
- M Spaans
- M Taoso
- M Tegmark
- M Vestergaard
- M Vestergaard
- M Vestergaard
- M Vestergaard
- M Volonteri
- M Volonteri
- M Volonteri
- M Volonteri
- M Volonteri
- MA Alvarez
- MA GĂĽrkan
- MA Latif
- MA Latif
- MC Begelman
- MC Begelman
- MC Begelman
- MC Begelman
- MC Begelman
- MC Begelman
- MC Begelman
- MC Begelman
- MC Begelman
- MC Begelman
- MC Miller
- ME Machacek
- MG Haehnelt
- MG Haehnelt
- MJ Rees
- MJ Rees
- MJ Turk
- N Dalal
- N Kawai
- N Yoshida
- N Yoshida
- N Yoshida
- N Yunes
- NI Shakura
- NJ Turner
- NR Tanvir
- NY Gnedin
- O Blaes
- P Amaro-Seoane
- P Hut
- P Kaaret
- P Kaaret
- P Madau
- P Madau
- P Madau
- P Martini
- PA Shaver
- PC Clark
- PJ Armitage
- PR Shapiro
- PR Shapiro
- Q Yu
- Q Yu
- R Barkana
- R Barkana
- R Cen
- R Jimenez
- R Salvaterra
- R Wang
- R Wang
- RD Blandford
- RD Blandford
- RK Sheth
- RM O’Leary
- RN Lang
- RP Marel van der
- RR Islam
- RR Islam
- RV Wagoner
- S Kaspi
- S Lepp
- S Naoz
- S Salviander
- S-C Yoon
- S. Goswami
- SA Farrell
- SA Hughes
- SDM White
- SE Woosley
- SF Portegies Zwart
- SK Sethi
- SL Shapiro
- SM Koushiappas
- SP Oh
- SP Oh
- SP Oh
- ST McWilliams
- T Abel
- T Abel
- T Abel
- T Greif
- T Hirasawa
- T Kitayama
- T Matteo Di
- T Tanaka
- T. Matsuda
- TA Small
- TH Greif
- TR Lauer
- U Maio
- V Bromm
- V Bromm
- V Bromm
- WC Saslaw
- WH Press
- X Fan
- X Fan
- Y Li
- Y Li
- Y Shen
- Z Haiman
- Z Haiman
- Z Haiman
- Z Haiman
- Z Haiman
- Z Haiman
- Z Haiman
- Z Haiman
- Z Haiman
- Z Haiman
- Z Haiman
- Z Haiman
- Z Haiman
- Z Haiman
- Z Haiman
- Z Haiman
- Z Lippai
- Z Lukić
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- 27/03/2012
- Field of study
Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are common in local galactic nuclei, and
SMBHs as massive as several billion solar masses already exist at redshift z=6.
These earliest SMBHs may grow by the combination of radiation-pressure-limited
accretion and mergers of stellar-mass seed BHs, left behind by the first
generation of metal-free stars, or may be formed by more rapid direct collapse
of gas in rare special environments where dense gas can accumulate without
first fragmenting into stars. This chapter offers a review of these two
competing scenarios, as well as some more exotic alternative ideas. It also
briefly discusses how the different models may be distinguished in the future
by observations with JWST, (e)LISA and other instruments.Comment: 47 pages with 306 references; this review is a chapter in "The First
Galaxies - Theoretical Predictions and Observational Clues", Springer
Astrophysics and Space Science Library, Eds. T. Wiklind, V. Bromm & B.
Mobasher, in pres
The First Stars
- Author
- A Frebel
- A Kandus
- A Maeder
- A Stacy
- A Stacy
- A Stacy
- A Whitworth
- A.J. Davis
- AM Green
- AP Kazantsev
- B Ciardi
- B.W. O’Shea
- BT Draine
- C Chiosi
- C Federrath
- C Hunter
- C Lacey
- C Low
- C Pinto
- CF McKee
- D Galli
- D Spolyar
- D Stamatellos
- D Tseliakhovich
- D Tseliakhovich
- D Whalen
- D.W. Savin
- DRG Schleicher
- DRG Schleicher
- DRG Schleicher
- E Komatsu
- E Ripamonti
- E Ripamonti
- E Ripamonti
- EA Bergin
- F Hoyle
- F Nakamura
- F Palla
- F Shu
- G Dopcke
- G Meynet
- G Tormen
- G.R. Blumenthal
- GL Bryan
- H Jang-Condell
- H Kreckel
- H Mizusawa
- H Xu
- ID McGreer
- J Jasche
- J KrtiÄŤka
- J Maron
- J Silk
- J Silk
- J.C. Tan
- JB Hutchins
- JC Tan
- JD Barrow
- JF Navarro
- JF Navarro
- JI Castor
- JL Johnson
- JL Johnson
- JL Johnson
- K Freese
- K Omukai
- K Omukai
- K Omukai
- K Omukai
- K Omukai
- K Omukai
- K Omukai
- K Subramanian
- L Biermann
- L Frommhold
- L. Gao
- M Fatuzzo
- M Mayer
- M Mayer
- M Tegmark
- M. Stenrup
- MA Alvarez
- ME Machacek
- MG Wolfire
- MJ Rees
- MJ Rees
- MJ Turk
- MJ Turk
- MJ Turk
- MN Machida
- MN Machida
- MR Bate
- MR Krumholz
- MRC McDowell
- MV Penston
- N Smith
- N Yoshida
- N Yoshida
- N Yoshida
- N Yoshida
- N. Yoshida
- NE Haugen
- NI Shakura
- NY Gnedin
- NY Gnedin
- OY Gnedin
- P Hennebelle
- P Lenzuni
- P Wang
- P Young
- PC Clark
- PC Clark
- PC Clark
- PC Stancil
- PC Stancil
- PG Martin
- PJE Peebles
- R Barkana
- R Barkana
- R Beck
- R Ebert
- R Schneider
- RB Larson
- RB Larson
- RE Pudritz
- RH Cyburt
- RH Kraichnan
- RJ Gould
- RJ Smith
- RM Kulsrud
- RM Kulsrud
- RM Kulsrud
- RP Kudritzki
- S Kitsionas
- S Lepp
- S Naoz
- S Naoz
- S Sur
- S.C.O. Glover
- SA Balbus
- SA Balbus
- SCO Glover
- SCO Glover
- SCO Glover
- SCO Glover
- SCO Glover
- SP Goodwin
- SP Oh
- SP Oh
- SW Stahler
- SW Stahler
- T Abel
- T Abel
- T Abel
- T Abel
- T Greif
- T Nagakura
- T Nakano
- T Nakano
- T Tsuribe
- T. Greif
- TH Greif
- TH Greif
- V Bromm
- V Bromm
- V Bromm
- V Bromm
- V Springel
- VV Sobolev
- WB Bonnor
- WC Saslaw
- WKM Rice
- Ya. B. Zel’Dovich
- Z Haiman
- Z Haiman
- Z Myers
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- 12/09/2012
- Field of study
The first stars to form in the Universe -- the so-called Population III stars
-- bring an end to the cosmological Dark Ages, and exert an important influence
on the formation of subsequent generations of stars and on the assembly of the
first galaxies. Developing an understanding of how and when the first
Population III stars formed and what their properties were is an important goal
of modern astrophysical research. In this review, I discuss our current
understanding of the physical processes involved in the formation of Population
III stars. I show how we can identify the mass scale of the first dark matter
halos to host Population III star formation, and discuss how gas undergoes
gravitational collapse within these halos, eventually reaching protostellar
densities. I highlight some of the most important physical processes occurring
during this collapse, and indicate the areas where our current understanding
remains incomplete. Finally, I discuss in some detail the behaviour of the gas
after the formation of the first Population III protostar. I discuss both the
conventional picture, where the gas does not undergo further fragmentation and
the final stellar mass is set by the interplay between protostellar accretion
and protostellar feedback, and also the recently advanced picture in which the
gas does fragment and where dynamical interactions between fragments have an
important influence on the final distribution of stellar masses.Comment: 72 pages, 4 figures. Book chapter to appear in "The First Galaxies -
Theoretical Predictions and Observational Clues", 2012 by Springer, eds. V.
Bromm, B. Mobasher, T. Wiklin
SARAS 2: a spectral radiometer for probing cosmic dawn and the epoch of reionization through detection of the global 21-cm signal
- Author
- A Cohen
- A. Raghunathan
- AEE Rogers
- AH Nuttall
- AR Offringa
- B. S. Girish
- C Azeredo-Leme
- DJ Wales
- Dk Bailey
- DM Pozar
- FR Hampel
- HK Vedantham
- HK Vedantham
- ID McGreer
- J Mirocha
- J Mirocha
- JA Nelder
- JC Pober
- JF Helmboldt
- JR Pritchard
- JR Pritchard
- JWM Baars
- K. S. Srivani
- M Sathyanarayana Rao
- M Sathyanarayana Rao
- M Sathyanarayana Rao
- M Sokolowski
- Mayuri Sathyanarayana Rao
- MF Morales
- N Patra
- N Patra
- N Patra
- N. Udaya Shankar
- PA Shaver
- R Barkana
- R Meys
- R Perley
- R. Somashekar
- RA Monsalve
- Ravi Subrahmanyan
- RH Becker
- S Malhotra
- S Singh
- Saurabh Singh
- SC Narula
- SK Sethi
- TC Voytek
- X Fan
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- Field of study
Fe Iron
- Author
- A Albini
- A Albini
- A Albini
- A Almenningen
- A Bonny
- A Bucheister
- A Carbonaro
- A Carbonaro
- A Carbonaro
- A Ceccon
- A Ceccon
- A Cian
- A Cian
- A Cutler
- A Cutler
- A Cutler
- A Cutler
- A Cutler
- A Davidson
- A Davison
- A Davison
- A Davison
- A Davison
- A Davison
- A Davison
- A Davison
- A Davison
- A Davison
- A Davison
- A Davison
- A Efraty
- A Efraty
- A Efraty
- A Efraty
- A Efraty
- A Efraty
- A Efraty
- A Eisenstadt
- A Foffani
- A Gieren
- A Jahn
- A Jahn
- A Kasahara
- A Kasahara
- A Kasahara
- A Kasahara
- A Kasahara
- A LĂĽttringhaus
- A LĂĽttringhaus
- A LĂĽttringhaus
- A Musco
- A Musco
- A Musco
- A Museo
- A Nakamura
- A Nakamura
- A Nakamura
- A Perjessy
- A Piorko
- A Piorko
- A Poletti
- A Pryde
- A Ratacjzak
- A Ratajczak
- A Ratajczak
- A Ratajczak
- A Ratajczak
- A Reckziegel
- A Reckziegel
- A Reckziegel
- A Reckziegel
- A Rosan
- A Salzer
- A Salzer
- A Sanders
- A Sanders
- A Sanders
- A Sanders
- A Sanders
- A Santucci
- A Santucci
- A Sonoda
- A Sonoda
- A Sonoda
- A Winter
- A Winter
- A Winter
- A Winter
- A Yamamoto
- A. N. Nesmeyanov
- A. Salzer
- A. Salzer
- AA Barkatin
- AA Bykovets
- AA Koridze
- AA Koridze
- AA Koridze
- AA Koridze
- AA Koridze
- AA Koridze
- AA Koridze
- AA Koridze
- AA Koridze
- AA Koridze
- AA Koridze
- AB Cornwell
- AB Cornwell
- AB Fischer
- AB Fischer
- AB Rives
- AC Macdonald
- AD Charles
- AD Charles
- AD Charles
- AD English
- AE Crease
- AF Berndt
- AF Clifford
- AF Clifford
- AG Osborne
- AG Osborne
- AG Osborne
- AG Osborne
- AG Osborne
- AG Osborne
- AGM Barrett
- AGM Barrett
- AJ Ashe
- AJ Ashe
- AJ Ashe
- AJ Ashe
- AJ Ashe
- AJ Ashe
- AJ Ashe
- AJ Birch
- AJ Birch
- AJ Birch
- AJ Birch
- AJ Birch
- AJ Birch
- AJ Birch
- AJ Birch
- AJ Birch
- AJ Birch
- AJ Birch
- AJ Birch
- AJ Birch
- AJ Birch
- AJ Birch
- AJ Birch
- AJ Birch
- AJ Birch
- AJ Blakeney
- AJ Blakeney
- AJ Carty
- AJ Carty
- AJ Cleland
- AJ Pearson
- AJ Pearson
- AJ Pearson
- AJ Pearson
- AJ Pearson
- AJ Pearson
- AJ Pearson
- AJ Pearson
- AK Baev
- AL Bikovets
- AL Burrows
- ALJ Beckwith
- AM Brodie
- AM El-Khawaga
- AN Nesmayanov
- AN Nesmeyanov
- AN Nesmeyanov
- AN Nesmeyanov
- AN Nesmeyanov
- AN Nesmeyanov
- AN Nesmeyanov
- AN Nesmeyanov
- AN Nesmeyanov
- AN Nesmeyanov
- AN Nesmeyanov
- AN Nesmeyanov
- AN Nesmeyanov
- AN Nesmeyanov
- AN Nesmeyanov
- AN Nesmeyanov
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- AN Nesmeyanov
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- AN Nesmeyanov
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- AN Nesmeyanov
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- AN Nesmeyanov
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- AN Nesmeyanov
- AN Nesmeyanov
- AP Hagen
- AR Cutler
- AR Cutler
- AR Cutler
- AR Luxmore
- AR Pinhas
- AR Pinhas
- ARL Bursics
- AS Sultanov
- ATT Hsieh
- ATT Hsieh
- ATT Hsieh
- AV Gis
- AV Gisi
- AW Smalley
- B Beagley
- B Deschamps
- B Dickens
- B Fuchs
- B Kaitner
- B Mohai
- B O’Dwyer
- B O’Dwyer
- B Reddy
- BA Averill
- BA Sosinsky
- BA SĂłsinsky
- BB Meyer
- BC Parakkat
- BC Parakkat
- BC Parakkat
- BD Dombek
- BD Dombek
- BD Dombek
- BD Fabian
- BE Boland
- BE Boland-Lussier
- BE Mann
- BE Mann
- BE Mann
- BFG Johnson
- BFG Johnson
- BFG Johnson
- BFG Johnson
- BFG Johnson
- BFG Johnson
- BFG Johnson
- BFG Johnson
- BK Kabanov
- BL Haymore
- BM Yavorskii
- BMR Bandara
- BP Biryukov
- BR Bonazza
- BR Bonazza
- BR Davis
- BR Reddy
- BR Reddy
- BR Reddy
- BV Johnson
- BV Johnson
- BV Johnson
- BV Johnson
- BW Haines
- BW Haines
- BW Roberts
- BW Roberts
- C Eaborn
- C Glidewell
- C KrĂĽger
- C Levanda
- C Moinet
- C Moinet
- C Moise
- C Moise
- C Pedone
- C Pedone
- CA Bunton
- CA Tolman
- CA Tolman
- CA Udovich
- CA Udovich
- CA Udovich
- CA Udovich
- CB Colburn
- CB Ungerman
- CB Ungerman
- CC Frazier
- CC Lee
- CC Lee
- CC Lee
- CC Lee
- CE Cain
- CE Coffey
- CE Johnson
- CE Johnson
- CE Keller
- CE Keller
- CE Sumner
- CE Sumner
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- CE Sumner
- CE Sumner
- CF Campana
- CF Keller
- CF Putnik
- CG Cooke
- CG Cooke
- CG Cooke
- CG Cooke
- CG Kreiter
- CG Krespan
- CG Pierpont
- CH Depuy
- CH Depuy
- CH Puy
- CH Wei
- CN Mcewen
- CP Casey
- CP Casey
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- CP Lillya
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- CR Bock
- CR Graham
- CR Hauser
- CR Hauser
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- CR Hauser
- CR Hauser
- CR Hauser
- CR Hauser
- CR Jablonski
- CR Jablonski
- CR Jablonski
- CR Langford
- CS Combs
- CS Eschbach
- CS Eschbach
- CS Eschbach
- CS Kraihanzel
- CT-W Chu
- CU Pittman
- CU Pittman
- CU Pittman
- CY Chang
- D Astruc
- D Astruc
- D Astruc
- D Astruc
- D Astruc
- D Astruc
- D Astruc
- D Astruc
- D Astruc
- D Astruc
- D Ballivet
- D Catheline
- D Ciappenelli
- D Dell
- D Ehntholt
- D Ginderow
- D Gwost
- D Gwost
- D Kummer
- D Leibfritz
- D Leibfritz
- D Leibfritz
- D Liebfritz
- D Liebfritz
- D Liebfritz
- D Marquarding
- D Miholova
- D Mourot
- D Mourot
- D Sedney
- D Sedney
- D Sedney
- D Seilmann
- D Seyferth
- D Seyferth
- D Seyferth
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- D Seyferth
- D Stierle
- D Stierle
- D Touchard
- D Touchard
- D Touchard
- D Touchard
- D Touchard
- D Wormsbaecher
- D Yolande
- D.O. Cowan
- DA Baldwin
- DA Beckman
- DA Brown
- DA Brown
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- DA Brown
- DA Brown
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- DA Brown
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- DA Brown
- DA Brown
- DA Brown
- DA Franz
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- WR Cullen
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- YS Nekrasov
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- Z Dawoodi
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- Z Kaluski
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- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- 01/01/1985
- Field of study
Active galactic nuclei: what’s in a name?
- Author
- A Akylas
- A Alonso-Herrero
- A Annuar
- A Annuar
- A Baskin
- A Bongiorno
- A Comastri
- A Dey
- A Feltre
- A Feltre
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- A Lawrence
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- AT Steffen
- B Arsioli
- B Bartoli
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- D Whysong
- D. M. Alexander
- DA Evans
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- E Breedt
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- E Glikman
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- E Hatziminaoglou
- E Hatziminaoglou
- E Hatziminaoglou
- E Kara
- E Lusso
- E Morganson
- E Resconi
- E Sturm
- E Treister
- E. Hatziminaoglou
- EA Pier
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- FA Aharonian
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- G Fabbiano
- G Ghisellini
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- G Kauffmann
- G Lanzuisi
- G Matt
- G Miley
- G Piccinotti
- G Ponti
- G Risaliti
- G Risaliti
- G Risaliti
- G Worseck
- G Yang
- G. T. Richards
- GG Fazio
- GG Lichti
- GH Rieke
- GP Szokoly
- GS Novak
- GT Richards
- GT Richards
- GT Richards
- GT Richards
- GT Richards
- GT Richards
- GT Richards
- GT Richards
- H Ebeling
- H Hao
- H Hao
- H Jud
- H KĂĽhr
- H Messias
- H Murakami
- H Netzer
- H Netzer
- HD Jun
- HJ Lehto
- HWW Spoon
- I Delvecchio
- I Delvecchio
- I Georgantopoulos
- I Georgantopoulos
- I Hubeny
- I Morić
- I Pâris
- I Strateva
- I Waddington
- ID McGreer
- IE Papadakis
- IG Roseboom
- IM Hook
- IM McHardy
- IM McHardy
- IM McHardy
- IM McHardy
- Imanishi M Nakanishi K, Izumi T (2016) ALMA 0.1-0.2 arcsec resolution imaging of the NGC
- J Aird
- J Albert
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- J Melbourne
- J Schaye
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- JA Baldwin
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- JF Gallimore
- JH Krolik
- JJ Condon
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- JL Donley
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- JP Gagne
- JP Gardner
- JR Houck
- JS Dunlop
- JV Wall
- JW Sulentic
- JW Sulentic
- JW Sulentic
- JX Wang
- K GĂĽltekin
- K Mannheim
- K Nandra
- K Schawinski
- K Wada
- KD Denney
- KD Denney
- KI Kellermann
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- KJ Leech
- KL Smith
- KM Leighly
- KN Hainline
- KRW Tristram
- L Armus
- L Burtscher
- L Coatman
- L Coatman
- L Hao
- L Hernández-GarcĂa
- L Jiang
- L Maraschi
- L Miller
- L-T Hsu
- LC Ho
- LHAASO Collaboration
- LJ Kewley
- LJ Kewley
- M Ackermann
- M Ackermann
- M Ackermann
- M Ackermann
- M Ackermann
- M Ackermann
- M Ackermann
- M Ajello
- M Amenomori
- M Azadi
- M Baloković
- M Baloković
- M Banerji
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- M Bonzini
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- M Brescia
- M Brusa
- M Böttcher
- M Böttcher
- M Cappi
- M Chiaberge
- M Chiaberge
- M Dadina
- M Elitzur
- M Elitzur
- M Elvis
- M Gierliński
- M Gierliński
- M Gilfanov
- M Hirschmann
- M Lacy
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- M Moles
- M Naurois de
- M Nenkova
- M Nenkova
- M Nikolajuk
- M Nikołajuk
- M Paolillo
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- M Schmidt
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- M Stalevski
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- M Young
- M-H Ulrich
- M. Salvato
- MA DiPompeo
- MA Gendre
- MA Nowak
- MA Sobolewska
- MB Pracy
- MC Bentz
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- MD Johnson
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- MJ Hardcastle
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- NM Nagar
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- R Alexandroff
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- RA Laing
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- RRJ Antonucci
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- SS Murray
- SV White
- SX Wang
- T DĂaz-Santos
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- T Miyaji
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- T Simm
- T Waters
- TA Boroson
- TH Jarrett
- TM Heckman
- TM Heckman
- TM Heckman
- V Allevato
- V Fish
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- VF Baldassare
- W Baade
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- W Voges
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- WB Atwood
- WC Keel
- WN Alston
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- XB Wu
- XP Koenig
- Y Dubois
- Y Shen
- Y Shen
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- Y Ueda
- Y Ueda
- Y-L Chang
- YE Lyubarskii
- YQ Xue
- Ž Ivezić
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- 22/07/2017
- Field of study
Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) are energetic astrophysical sources powered by
accretion onto supermassive black holes in galaxies, and present unique
observational signatures that cover the full electromagnetic spectrum over more
than twenty orders of magnitude in frequency. The rich phenomenology of AGN has
resulted in a large number of different "flavours" in the literature that now
comprise a complex and confusing AGN "zoo". It is increasingly clear that these
classifications are only partially related to intrinsic differences between
AGN, and primarily reflect variations in a relatively small number of
astrophysical parameters as well the method by which each class of AGN is
selected. Taken together, observations in different electromagnetic bands as
well as variations over time provide complementary windows on the physics of
different sub-structures in the AGN. In this review, we present an overview of
AGN multi-wavelength properties with the aim of painting their "big picture"
through observations in each electromagnetic band from radio to gamma-rays as
well as AGN variability. We address what we can learn from each observational
method, the impact of selection effects, the physics behind the emission at
each wavelength, and the potential for future studies. To conclude we use these
observations to piece together the basic architecture of AGN, discuss our
current understanding of unification models, and highlight some open questions
that present opportunities for future observational and theoretical progress.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics Review, 56
pages, 25 figure