Dietary factors associated with metabolic syndrome in Brazilian adults

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is defined as the association of numerous factors that increase cardiovascular risk and diet is one of the main factors related to increase the MS in the population. This study aimed to evaluate the association of diet on the presence of MS in an adult population sample.</p> <p>Methodology</p> <p>305 adults were clinically screened to participate in a lifestyle modification program. Anthropometric assessments included waist circumference (WC), body fat and calculated BMI (kg/m²) and muscle-mass index (MMI kg/m²). Dietary intake was estimated by 24 h dietary recall. Fasting blood was used for biochemical analysis. MS was diagnosed using NCEP-ATPIII (2001) criteria with adaptation for glucose (≥ 100 mg/dL). Logistic regression (Odds ratio) was performed in order to determine the odds ratio for developing MS according to dietary intake.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>An adequate intake of fruits, OR = 0.52 (CI:0.28-0.98), and an intake of more than 8 different items in the diet (variety), OR = 0.31 (CI:0.12-0.79) showed to be a protective factor against a diagnosis of MS. Saturated fat intake greater than 10% of total caloric value represented a risk for MS diagnosis, OR = 2.0 (1.04-3.84).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Regarding the dietary aspect, a risk factor for MS was higher intake of saturated fat, and protective factors were high diet variety and adequate fruit intake.</p

Influência da adiposidade sobre o risco inflamatório em pacientes com glicemia de jejum alterada Influence of adiposity on inflammation risk in patients with fasting glucose impairment

OBJETIVO: Investigar as alterações dos marcadores inflamatórios em obesos com glicemia de jejum alterada. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 125 indivíduos adultos tendo sido pesquisados: Índice de Massa Corporal, circunferência da cintura, glicemia de jejum, proteína C reativa ultra-sensível, ácido úrico e homocisteína. Os grupos apresentando glicemia de jejum normal (grupo 1) e glicemia de jejum alterada (grupo 2) foram comparados entre si e em associação aos subgrupos de obesos, sobrepesos e eutróficos. RESULTADOS: O grupo 2 apresentou maiores valores de circunferência da cintura (p<0,05), principalmente quando associados ao excesso de peso. Adicionalmente, o grupo 2 mostrou valores de proteína C reativa e ácido úrico superiores, sendo os dos obesos maiores que os com sobrepeso e os eutróficos, enquanto a homocisteína foi semelhante entre obesos, com sobrepeso e eutróficos. O Índice de Massa Corporal correlacionou-se positivamente com ambos ácido úrico (r=0,39, p<0,01) e proteína C reativa (r=0,37; p<0,01). A circunferência da cintura apresentou correlação apenas com o ácido úrico (r=0,53, p<0,01). Porém, a correlação entre Índice de Massa Corporal e proteína C reativa foi significante no grupo 2 (r=0,66, p<0,01), mas não no grupo 1 (r=0,25, p>0,05). O mesmo resultado foi encontrado em relação à circunferência da cintura e à proteína C reativa, que se correlacionaram significantemente somente na presença de glicemia de jejum alterada (r=0,40, p<0,05). Na regressão logística, a circunferência da cintura foi a variável explicativa (11%, p<0,01) da alteração da glicemia de jejum. CONCLUSÃO: Os estados pró-oxidativo e pró-inflamatório estiveram significantemente associados à glicemia de jejum alterada na presença de adiposidade corporal.<br>OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate changes in inflammatory markers in obese individuals with impaired fasting glucose. METHODS: The following data of 125 adult individuals were assessed: body mass index, waist circumference, fasting glucose, high-sensitivity c-reactive protein, uric acid and homocysteine. The groups with normal fasting glucose (group 1) and impaired fasting glucose (group 2) were compared with each other and with their subgroups, which consisted of obese, overweight and normal-weight individuals. RESULTS: Group 2 presented greater waist circumferences (p<0.05), especially when associated with excess weight. Additionally, group 2 had higher C-reactive protein and uric acid values than group 1 and the obese in group 2 had higher C-reactive protein and uric acid than the overweight and normal-weight individuals of the same group. On the other hand, homocysteine levels were similar in all individuals, regardless of weight. Body mass index correlated positively with both uric acid (r=0.39, p<0.01) and C-reactive protein (r=0.37, p<0.01). Waist circumference correlated only with uric acid (r=0.53, p<0.01). However, the correlation between body mass index and C-reactive protein was significant in group 2 (r=0.66, p<0.01) but not in group 1 (r=0.25, p>0.05). The same occurred regarding waist circumference and C-reactive protein, which correlated significantly only in the presence of impaired fasting glucose (r=0.40, p<0.05). In logistic regression, waist circumference was the independent variable (11%, p<0.01) of impaired fasting glucose. CONCLUSION: Pro-oxidative and pro-inflammatory states were significantly associated with impaired fasting glucose in the presence of body fat

How might physical activity benefit patients with Parkinson disease?

Item does not contain fulltextParkinson disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive motor and nonmotor impairments. These impairments incline many patients towards a sedentary lifestyle, which has many deleterious consequences. Accumulating evidence suggests that patients with PD might benefit from physical activity and exercise in a number of ways, from general improvements in health to disease-specific effects and, potentially, disease-modifying effects (suggested by animal data). Many issues remain to be addressed, including the need to perform clinical trials to demonstrate these presumed benefits of physical activity and exercise in patients with PD. These trials must also address safety issues, such as an increased risk of falls and cardiovascular complications in more-active patients. Identifying ways to induce a sustained behavioral change, using specifically tailored programs that address potential barriers such as depression, apathy and postural instability, may lead to an improved quality of life in individuals with PD