Evaluation of Pattern of Pet Animal Trauma at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria

The record of 114 small animal trauma cases seen at the Surgery Unit of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH), Ibadan between 2008 and 2012 were studied to evaluate the pattern of trauma with reference to species, sex, age groups, causes of trauma, regional involvement, severity including fatalities, in order to develop a data base for the establishment of protocols for trauma patient care. Trauma cases ranked first and accounted for 46.3%of all small animal surgical cases presented during the period. Species involvement markedly favoured the canine species. Incidence of trauma was significantly higher (p<0.05) in males (60.5%) and younger (<3years/70.1%) than in females (39·5%) and older (>3years/29.9%)) dogs respectively. Automobile accidents were the most frequent cause of trauma (78.0%), and had the wndest regional involvemenl while the extremities (41.2%) was the most frequently injured area. Majority of the trauma cases reported tended to be moderate to severe in the scale of severity rating. Information on details of trauma care, intensive management and outcomes were poorly documented. The study revealed trauma to be a leading cause for dogs to present as an emergency to the VTH and he~ce the need for appropriate trauma patient care system.KEY WORDS: Pet animal, Trauma, Pattern, Veterinary Teaching Ilospital, Ibadan

Enterologic and Gynaecologic Complications of Ovariohysterectomy in the Bitch

The enterologic and gynaecologic associated complications post ovariohysterectomy (OVH) in bitches were evaluated. Medical records of 53bitches with mean body weight of 15.2kg presented at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH), University of Ibadan between 1990-2010 were reviewed. Enterologic complications after OVH were observed in 11 (20.7%) of the cases studied. These include: Chronic vomiting 9 (81.8%), weight loss 9 (81.8%), anorexia, 8 (72.7%), diarrhea, 6 (54.5%) and pyrexia,5(54.5%). Nine of the 11 dogs (81.8%) had extensive intestinal and uterine stump adhension. Gynaecologic complications 0bserve in 23 (43.3%) of the 53 bitches included vulva discharge 21(91.3%), incomplete extirpation of the ovaries 14(60.8%), recurrent estrus 9(39.1%), pseudopregnacy 8(34.7%), inflammation of the uterine cervical tissueand stump 4(17.4%) and non-resorbable ligature 3(13.0%).The study shows that enterologic and gynaecologic complications occur following OVH in bitches and strongly advice that bitches with  gastrointestinal symptoms following OVH should be suspected ofintestinal adhesions and incarcerations.Key words: enterologic, gynaecologic, complications, ovariohysterectomy, bitches

Failure of experimental acute intra-gastric gas and fluid accumulation to produce gastric dilatation-volvulus in unanaesthetized dogs

The stomachs of 6 mongrel dogs were cannulated with a simple assemblage of cannula and sphygmomanometer for direct and rapid administration of gas and combination of gas and fluid, respectively, to investigate the role of intra-gastric accumulation of gas and fluid in the stomach in development of acute gastric dilatation-volvulus in the animals. In all the experiments, the stomach of each dog was fully distended at a consistent intra-gastric pressure of 31.73 ± 0.43 mmHg. The meanintra-gastric pressure of the empty stomach in fasted unanaesthetized animals was 4.17 ± 0.63 mmHg, while in animals that received 500 ml of water, the mean intra-gastric pressure was 14.2 ± 2.4 mmHg. The animals successfully evacuated the distended stomach at the peak of the intra-gastric pressure by eructation and/or vomition in 1.31 ± 0.43 min. There were no clinical and radiological evidence of the classical acute gastric dilatation-volvulus syndrome in any of the animals. The experiments failed to show that rapid accumulation of gas and fluid in the stomach primarily caused the condition in the clinically normal animals. There was apparent intra-gastric pressure threshold at which the cardiac orifice of the stomach of the animals opened for evacuation. The assemblage was functionally efficient for direct and rapid administration of gas and fluid into the stomach and simultaneous measurement of intra-gastric pressure in unanaesthetized dogs

Rectal Prolapse in An Emu (Dromaius Novaehollandiae): A Case Report

Nigerian Veterinary Journal, Vol. 32(3): 2011; 249 - 25

Antimicrobial efficacy and tissue reaction of Euphorbia hirta ethanolic extract oncanine wounds

Antimicrobial efficacy and tissue reaction of crude ethanolic extract of Euphorbia hirta was investigated in canine infected incised wounds. The gross appearance and histopathological reactions of the lesions were evaluated at 72 h after treatment. The results showed that crude ethanolic extract of E. hirta neither promoted the growth of Staphylococcus aureus nor provoked tissue reaction in canine wounds. It was concluded that infected wound would benefit from treatment with ethanolic extract of E. hirta and its use in surgical site preparation is thus recommended.Key words: Antimicrobial, efficacy, tissue reaction, Euphorbia hirta, canine wounds

Clinical biochemistry as a prognostic tool in the management of the critically-ill patient

No Abstrac

Evaluation of Post-Operative Antibiotic Administration on Phenotypic Antibiotic Susceptibility and Resistance Profiles of Gram-negative Bacterial Flora of Healthy Local Experimental Dogs Undergoing Partial Gastrectomy

Reliable data that can serve as platform for policy formulation on the use of antimicrobial drugs are compulsory for every country. But baseline data to judge effects of long-term post-operative antibiotic administration in clinical and surgical canine health conditions are currently lacking in Nigeria. This study aimed at providing vital baseline antibiotic profiles of canine bacteria of veterinary and public health importance. Phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility and resistance profiles of some easily recoverable Gram-negative bacterial species of canine origin were determined towards the most commonly prescribed and administered antibiotics in  veterinary practices, using agar disk- and modified agar well-diffusion methods. Overall resistance of the bacteria against antibiotics (discs) were- tetracycline(25.0-57.1%), cotrimoxazole (80.0-100%), nitrofurantoin (20.0-100%), nalidixic acid (0.91-60.0%), gentamicin (18.2-70.0%), ofloxacillin (20.0-42.9%) and augmentin / amoxicillin (100%), except among Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis (60.0-100), with percentage multiple antibiotic resistance (%MAR) of 25.0 - 100%. Overall percentage resistance rates towards antibiotic drugs were- amoxicillin (9.1-100%); oritaxim / oxytetracycline (20.0-100%) and nitaxim (30.0-100%), with %MAR mostly between 50.0 and 100%. Twenty eight antibiotic resistance profiles  mere exhibited against antibiotic (discs), commonest profiles being – augmentinamoxicillin- cotrimoxazole; augmentin-tetracycline-amoxicillin-cotrimoxazole-nitrofurantoin- nalidixic acid-gentamicin-ofloxacillin; augmentin-tetracycline-amoxicillin-cotrimoxazole and augmentin-amoxicillin-cotrimoxazole-nitrofurantoin. Twelve antibiotic resistance profiles were exhibited against the antibiotic drugs, with most-resisted / commonest profile being – oritaxim-nitaxim. These were also the most-resisted nitaxim (47.3%) and oritaxim (52.7%) antibiotic drugs. Only 29.1% of the Gram-negative bacteria were totally susceptible to the four antibiotic drugs, while a total of 70.9%, including  mono-resistance (21.8%) and multiresistance (49.1%), were recorded. This preliminary baseline report indicated significant phenotypic antibiotic resistance among easily-recoverable, indigenous Gram-negative bacterial species of canine origin, which is of veterinary and human public health significance, and indicative of therapeutic treatment failure.Keywords: antibiotic resistance, dogs, veterinary public health, veterinary surger

Incidence, diagnosis and management of eye affections in dogs

A retrospective study of ocular affections in dogs was conducted at some selected clinics and hospitals in Southwest Nigeria between 2003 and, 2013 to determine the incidence, pattern of distribution, methods of diagnosis and treatment modalities using descriptive statistical tool. Overall incidence of eye affection in dogs was 6.62% with Alsatian breed being the most affected. Majority of ocular affections occurred in dogs less than 5 years of age with the eyelid/conjunctiva being the most affected anatomical location. Conjunctivitis was the most frequently diagnosed clinical condition. Sex wise more females were affected than males. Diagnosis was based on physical examination only in majority of cases with trauma being the most frequent cause of ocular affection. Majority of ocular affections were managed medically with gentamicin being the most prescribed medication while lid repair was the most performed surgery. Poor documentation and lack of facilities possibly affected the outcome of the investigation in the study location.Keywords: Affection, Diagnosis, Dogs, Eye, Incidence, Managemen

Short Communication: Prevalence of Foreign Body Rumen Impaction in Cattle in Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria

No Abstrac