18,572 research outputs found
Real-cases of electromagnetic immunity and reliability in embedded electronics architectures
This papers concerns works about electromagnetic immunity and reliability investigations on electronics devices, combined with different physical impacts as temperature
Strange Heat Flux in (An)Harmonic Networks
We study the heat transport in systems of coupled oscillators driven out of
equilibrium by Gaussian heat baths. We illustrate with a few examples that such
systems can exhibit ``strange'' transport phenomena. In particular, {\em
circulation} of heat flux may appear in the steady state of a system of three
oscillators only. This indicates that the direction of the heat fluxes can in
general not be "guessed" from the temperatures of the heat baths. Although we
primarily consider harmonic couplings between the oscillators, we explain why
this strange behavior persists under weak anharmonic perturbations
A Wigner-Seitz model of charged lamellar colloidal dispersions
A concentrated suspension of lamellar colloidal particles (e. g. clay) is
modelled by considering a single, uniformly charged, finite platelet confined
with co- and counterions to a Wigner-Seitz (WS) cell. The system is treated
within Poisson-Boltzmann theory, with appropriate boundary conditions on the
surface of the WS cell, supposed to account for the confinement effect of
neighbouring platelets. Expressions are obtained for the free energy, osmotic
and disjoining pressures and the capacitance in terms of the local
electrostatic potential and the co- and counterion density profiles. Explicit
solutions of the linearized Poisson-Boltzmann (LPB) equation are obtained for
circular and square platelets placed at the centre of a cylindrical or
parallelepipedic cell. The resulting free energy is found to go through a
minimum as a function of the aspect ratio of the cell, for any given volume
(determined by the macroscopic concentration of platelets), platelet surface
charge and salt concentration. The optimum aspect ratio is found to be nearly
independent of the two latter physical parameters. The osmotic and disjoining
pressures are found to coincide at the free energy minimum, while the total
quadrupole moment of the electric double-layer formed by the platelet and the
surrounding co- and counterions vanishes simultaneously. The osmotic
equation-of-state is calculated for a variety of physical conditions. The limit
of vanishing platelet concentration is considered in some detail, and the force
acting between two coaxial platelets is calculated in that limit as a function
of their separation.Comment: 21 pages, RevTeX, 12 figures available on request to
[email protected], submitted to Physical Review
Intermittency and transition to chaos in the cubical lid-driven cavity flow
Transition from steady state to intermittent chaos in the cubical lid-driven
flow is investigated numerically. Fully three-dimensional stability analyses
have revealed that the flow experiences an Andronov-Poincar\'e-Hopf bifurcation
at a critical Reynolds number = 1914. As for the 2D-periodic lid-driven
cavity flows, the unstable mode originates from a centrifugal instability of
the primary vortex core. A Reynolds-Orr analysis reveals that the unstable
perturbation relies on a combination of the lift-up and anti lift-up mechanisms
to extract its energy from the base flow. Once linearly unstable, direct
numerical simulations show that the flow is driven toward a primary limit cycle
before eventually exhibiting intermittent chaotic dynamics. Though only one
eigenpair of the linearized Navier-Stokes operator is unstable, the dynamics
during the intermittencies are surprisingly well characterized by one of the
stable eigenpairs.Comment: Accepted for publication in Fluid Dynamics Researc
Collective Moral Hazard, Maturity Mismatch and Systemic Bailouts
The paper elicits a mechanism by which private leverage choices exhibit strategic complementarities through the reaction of monetary policy. When everyone engages in maturity transformation, authorities have little choice but facilitating refinancing. In turn, refusing to adopt a risky balance sheet lowers the return on equity. The key ingredient is that monetary policy is non-targeted. The ex post benefits from a monetary bailout accrue in proportion to the number amount of leverage, while the distortion costs are to a large extent fixed. This insight has important consequences. First, banks choose to correlate their risk exposures. Second, private borrowers may deliberately choose to increase their interest-rate sensitivity following bad news about future needs for liquidity. Third, optimal monetary policy is time inconsistent. Fourth, macro-prudential supervision is called for. We characterize the optimal regulation, which takes the form of a minimum liquidity requirement coupled with monitoring of the quality of liquid assets. We establish the robustness of our insights when the set of bailout instruments is endogenous and characterize the structure of optimal bailouts.Monetary Policy, Funding Liquidity Risk, Strategic Complementarities, Macro-Prudential Supervision
Collective Moral Hazard, Maturity Mismatch and Systemic Bailouts
The paper elicits a mechanism by which private leverage choices exhibit strategic complementarities through the reaction of monetary policy. When everyone engages in maturity transformation, authorities haver little choice but facilitating refinancing. In turn, refusing to adopt a risky balance sheet lowers the return on equity. The key ingredient is that monetary policy is non-targeted. The ex post benefits from a monetary bailout accrue in proportion to the number amount of leverage, while the distortion costs are to a large extent fixed. This insight has important consequences. First, banks choose to correlate their risk exposures. Second, private borrowers may deliberately choose to increase their interest-rate sensitivity following bad news about future needs for liquidity. Third, optimal monetary policy is time inconsistent. Fourth, macro-prudential supervision is called for. We characterize the optimal regulation, which takes the form of a minimum liquidity requirement coupled with monitoring of the quality of liquid assets. We establish the robustness of our insights when the set of bailout instruments is endogenous and characterize the structure of optimal bailouts.
Singular trajectories of control-affine systems
When applying methods of optimal control to motion planning or stabilization
problems, some theoretical or numerical difficulties may arise, due to the
presence of specific trajectories, namely, singular minimizing trajectories of
the underlying optimal control problem. In this article, we provide
characterizations for singular trajectories of control-affine systems. We prove
that, under generic assumptions, such trajectories share nice properties,
related to computational aspects; more precisely, we show that, for a generic
system -- with respect to the Whitney topology --, all nontrivial singular
trajectories are of minimal order and of corank one. These results, established
both for driftless and for control-affine systems, extend previous results. As
a consequence, for generic systems having more than two vector fields, and for
a fixed cost, there do not exist minimizing singular trajectories. We also
prove that, given a control system satisfying the LARC, singular trajectories
are strictly abnormal, generically with respect to the cost. We then show how
these results can be used to derive regularity results for the value function
and in the theory of Hamilton-Jacobi equations, which in turn have applications
for stabilization and motion planning, both from the theoretical and
implementation issues
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