30 research outputs found
A microenvironment-inspired synthetic three-dimensional model for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma organoids
Experimental in vitro models that capture pathophysiological characteristics of human tumours are essential for basic and translational cancer biology. Here, we describe a fully synthetic hydrogel extracellular matrix designed to elicit key phenotypic traits of the pancreatic environment in culture. To enable the growth of normal and cancerous pancreatic organoids from genetically engineered murine models and human patients, essential adhesive cues were empirically defined and replicated in the hydrogel scaffold, revealing a functional role of lamininâintegrin α3/α6 signalling in establishment and survival of pancreatic organoids. Altered tissue stiffnessâa hallmark of pancreatic cancerâwas recapitulated in culture by adjusting the hydrogel properties to engage mechano-sensing pathways and alter organoid growth. Pancreatic stromal cells were readily incorporated into the hydrogels and replicated phenotypic traits characteristic of the tumour environment in vivo. This model therefore recapitulates a pathologically remodelled tumour microenvironment for studies of normal and pancreatic cancer cells in vitro
Ultrasonic intensification as a tool for enhanced microbial biofuel yields
peer-reviewedUltrasonication has recently received attention as a novel bioprocessing tool for process intensification in many areas
of downstream processing. Ultrasonic intensification (periodic ultrasonic treatment during the fermentation process)
can result in a more effective homogenization of biomass and faster energy and mass transfer to biomass over short
time periods which can result in enhanced microbial growth. Ultrasonic intensification can allow the rapid selective
extraction of specific biomass components and can enhance product yields which can be of economic benefit. This
review focuses on the role of ultrasonication in the extraction and yield enhancement of compounds from various
microbial sources, specifically algal and cyanobacterial biomass with a focus on the production of biofuels. The
operating principles associated with the process of ultrasonication and the influence of various operating conditions
including ultrasonic frequency, power intensity, ultrasonic duration, reactor designs and kinetics applied for ultrasonic
intensification are also described
Sanitation practices that inhibit reproduction of Monosporascus cannonballus in melon roots left in the field after crop termination
Purification and characterization of enterocin 62-6, a two-peptide bacteriocin produced by a vaginal strain of Enterococcus faecium
Lifestyles, gratifications sought, and narrative appeal: American and Korean TV drama viewing among Internet users in urban China
The problem with culture
It is natural that a fairly young discipline such as AVT should embrace the cultural turn in translation studies as a vantage standpoint and look at problems of language and culture as closely intertwined. The cultural turn in audiovisual translation has meant going beyond the study of translation patterns normally found in descriptive research (Chaume 2018).
This chapter will offer insights on three loci of culture in translation: cultural references, always a fruitful area of research, but one which contains areas deserving of further investigation; intralinguistic culture clashes, that is those potentially conflicting encounters which involve individuals from different cultures sharing the same language; and finally, allusions in film and TV dialogue to what we often understand as âcultureâ proper, that is high-end or low-brow products of art, literature, music and so on, which constitute a special problem but also a special opportunity for translators