Uniportalna video-potpomognuta torakalna operacija plućnog hamartoma: prikaz slučaja

Pulmonary hamartoma is the most common benign tumor of the lung. It accounts for 77% of all benign lung tumors but less than 1% of all lung tumors. Malignant alteration is ­extremely rare. Surgical removal is therapy of choice. Uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery is an easy-to-learn variant of video-assisted thoracic surgery. The approach is very similar to classic thora-cotomy. Instruments for both classic and video-assisted thoracic surgery can be combined. A case is presented of a 44-year-old female patient with pulmonary hamartoma treated by uniportal video-assisted ­thoracic surgery as a new method used for the first time at our department.Hamartom pluća je najčešći benigni tumor pluća. Predstavlja 77% svih dobroćudnih tumora pluća, ali manje od 1% svih plućnih tumora. Maligna alteracija je izrazito rijetka. Metoda izbora za liječenje hamartoma pluća je kirurška ekstirpacija. Uniportalna video-potpomognuta torakalna kirurgija je varijanta video-potpomognute torakalne kirurgije koja se brže svladava te omogućava kombiniranje postojećih klasičnih torakokirurških instrumenata i instrumenata za video-potpomognutu torakalnu kirurgiji. Prikazuje se slučaj bolesnice u dobi od 44 godine s hamartomom pluća koja je operirana metodom uniportalne video-potpomognute torakalne kirurgije, prvi put primijenjene u našoj klinici

Adenoidni cistični karcinom distalne traheje: prikaz slučaja

Primary malignant tumors of the trachea are very rare with the incidence of less than two per million people per year, and only ten percent of them are adenoid cystic carcinomas. Eighty percent of all tracheal tumors are malignant. Diagnosis is usually late because the symptoms mimic other conditions such as asthma. Clinical picture may sometimes be dramatic when airway is almost closed and emergency recanalization is necessary. Diagnosis is made by chest computed tomography scan or magnetic resonance imaging. Definitive treatment is surgical resection alone or followed by radiation therapy or radiation therapy alone. Radical resection is only accomplished in about half of all cases because of the submucosal tumor growth and limited length of tracheal resection. The role of adjuvant radiation therapy in negative resection margin cases is not clear but all patients with positive resection margin benefit from radiation therapy. We present a case of a 43-year-old patient with primary adenoid cystic carcinoma of distal trachea treated by emergency bronchoscopic recanalization and resection of the tracheal tumor with end-to-end anastomosis.Primarni maligni tumori traheje su iznimno rijetki s incidencijom manjom od dva slučaja na milijun stanovnika u jednoj godini, a adenoidni cistični karcinom čini samo deset posto. Osamdeset posto svih tumora traheje je maligno. Dijagnoza se obično postavlja kasno, jer su početni simptomi slični astmi. Ponekad je klinička slika dramatična kada dođe do opstrukcije dišnog puta i potrebe za hitnom rekanalizacijom. Dijagnoza se potvrđuje kompjutorskom tomografijom prsišta ili magnetnom rezonancom. Definitivno liječenje je resekcija tumora sama ili uz adjuvantnu radioterapiju, ili radioterapija sama. Radikalna resekcija se postiže samo u oko polovice svih slučajeva zbog submukoznog rasta tumora i ograničene duljine resekcije traheje. Uloga adjuvantne radioterapije u slučajevima s negativnim resekcijskim rubom je nejasna, dok svi bolesnici s pozitivnim resekcijskim rubom imaju koristi od adjuvantne radioterapije. Prikazujemo slučaj 43-godišnjeg bolesnika s adenoidnim cističnim karcinomom distalnog dijela traheje koji je liječen bronhoskopskom rekanalizacijom i resekcijom traheje s terminoterminalnom anastomozom

Adenoidni cistični karcinom distalne traheje: prikaz slučaja

Primary malignant tumors of the trachea are very rare with the incidence of less than two per million people per year, and only ten percent of them are adenoid cystic carcinomas. Eighty percent of all tracheal tumors are malignant. Diagnosis is usually late because the symptoms mimic other conditions such as asthma. Clinical picture may sometimes be dramatic when airway is almost closed and emergency recanalization is necessary. Diagnosis is made by chest computed tomography scan or magnetic resonance imaging. Definitive treatment is surgical resection alone or followed by radiation therapy or radiation therapy alone. Radical resection is only accomplished in about half of all cases because of the submucosal tumor growth and limited length of tracheal resection. The role of adjuvant radiation therapy in negative resection margin cases is not clear but all patients with positive resection margin benefit from radiation therapy. We present a case of a 43-year-old patient with primary adenoid cystic carcinoma of distal trachea treated by emergency bronchoscopic recanalization and resection of the tracheal tumor with end-to-end anastomosis.Primarni maligni tumori traheje su iznimno rijetki s incidencijom manjom od dva slučaja na milijun stanovnika u jednoj godini, a adenoidni cistični karcinom čini samo deset posto. Osamdeset posto svih tumora traheje je maligno. Dijagnoza se obično postavlja kasno, jer su početni simptomi slični astmi. Ponekad je klinička slika dramatična kada dođe do opstrukcije dišnog puta i potrebe za hitnom rekanalizacijom. Dijagnoza se potvrđuje kompjutorskom tomografijom prsišta ili magnetnom rezonancom. Definitivno liječenje je resekcija tumora sama ili uz adjuvantnu radioterapiju, ili radioterapija sama. Radikalna resekcija se postiže samo u oko polovice svih slučajeva zbog submukoznog rasta tumora i ograničene duljine resekcije traheje. Uloga adjuvantne radioterapije u slučajevima s negativnim resekcijskim rubom je nejasna, dok svi bolesnici s pozitivnim resekcijskim rubom imaju koristi od adjuvantne radioterapije. Prikazujemo slučaj 43-godišnjeg bolesnika s adenoidnim cističnim karcinomom distalnog dijela traheje koji je liječen bronhoskopskom rekanalizacijom i resekcijom traheje s terminoterminalnom anastomozom

From Traditional to Online Methods for Generating Business Ideas

The traditional methods for generating venture ideas are in use for more than 70 years in the business, while the development of information and communication technologies (ICT) opened new opportunities for generating and harvesting business ideas, available to entrepreneurs of any kind. Our initial research discovered that there is a missing link in the academic literature between the traditional and the emerging online methods for generating business ideas and therefore, in this paper, we study the traditional and online sources and methods in parallel. The purpose of our study is to improve the venture idea creation process from an applicable perspective, and to add to the existing ideation literature by (1) identifying and classifying the sources of ideas to create the necessary link between the onsite and online access to idea sources; (2) explaining the traditional methods for generating business idea trough their dominant features in order to (3) further identify and elaborate the online sources and ideation methods trough these features and link them to the known traditional approaches. The sources, methods, and tools we examine and elaborate in this paper could be used for both, generating ideas for traditional and online business models. Hence, our findings have practical and applicable value for the first step in the entrepreneurial process. Additionally, our study could be used as a starting point for further research in the field of online ideation, a field that needs to be yet, more extensively, addressed by practitioners and research scholars

Solitary pulmonary amyloidoma mimicking lung cancer on 18F-FDG PET-CT scan in systemic lupus erythematosus patient

Localized amyloid deposits (tumoral amyloidosis or amyloidoma) are uncommon form of amyloidosis and nodular pulmonary amyloidomas are rarely found. This incidental finding can mimic a bronchopulmonary neoplasm and may occur secondarily to an infectious, inflammatory or lymphoproliferative disease. We report a case of a 62-year-old female with long-standing systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with low compliance who presented with radiologically-verified solitary pulmonary nodule. Work-up included positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) scan, which revealed hypermetabolic uptake of (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose, and lobectomy was performed. Staining of the tissue was positive for Congo red and was green birefringent under polarized light. Immunohistochemical methods excluded lymphoproliferative disease and confirmed amyloidoma. SLE was controlled with antimalarials and glucocorticoids. Pulmonary amyloidoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of solitary lung nodules

Videotorakoskopska biopsija pluća i pleure u dijagnostici kroničnih izljeva prsišta

Chronic pleural effusion requires pleural and lung biopsy in more than 60% of patients. Open lung biopsy was formerly considered as the most reliable diagnostic method, whereas now the procedure is mostly performed via video-assisted thoracoscopy. During the last ten-year period (1995­-2005), 96 patients aged 31-72 (mean age 53) years were operated on at University Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jordanovac University Hospital for Lung Diseases by video-assisted thoracoscopy in general anesthesia. All biopsies were done by clamp sampling from parietal or visceral pleura, and in 31 patients lung tissue was sampled by endostapler wedge resection. Conversion to mini-thoracotomy was needed in only 12 patients, due to massive adhesions. Tissue samples were referred for histopathologic analysis. After the procedure, the patients had a thoracic drain connected to negative pressure. Histopathologic diagnosis was made in almost all patients, yielding a 97% success rate. In 16 patients, drain airflow had to be prolonged to more than 5 days, while the mean drainage duration was 4 days and mean hospital stay 8 days. Talc pleurodesis was performed in most patients with malignant effusion to stop effusion accumulation. Video-assisted thoracoscopic biopsy allows for adequate pleural and lung sampling with a high rate of accuracy. Postoperative mortality and morbidity are lower in comparison with open lung biopsy. It is concluded that video-assisted thoracoscopic biopsy is an efficient and safe method in the diagnosis of chronic pleural effusion.Dugotrajni izljevi pleuralne šupljine zahtijevaju biopsiju pleure i pluća kod više od 60% bolesnika. Ranije se otvorena biopsija pluća smatrala najpouzdanijom dijagnostičkom metodom, dok se danas taj zahvat najčešće izvodi videotorakoskopskim putem. U zadnjih deset godina, od 1995. do 2005. godine, u Klinici za torakalnu kirurgiju "Jordanovac" operirano je videotorakoskopskim načinom 96 bolesnika u općoj anesteziji. Prosječna životna dob bila je 53 godine, s rasponom od 31-72 godina. Sve biopsije su rađene uzimanjem uzoraka hvataljkom s parijetalne ili visceralne pleure, a kod 31 bolesnika uzet je i komadić plućevine klinastom resekcijom uz pomoć endostaplera. Samo kod 12 bolesnika učinjena je konverzija u minitorakotomiju zbog opsežnih priraslica. Svi uzorci su upućeni na patohistološku analizu. Nakon zahvata svaki bolesnik je imao torakalni dren koji je spojen na negativni tlak. Histopatološka dijagnoza postavljena je kod gotovo svih bolesnika, tako da je uspješnost zahvata bila 97%. Kod 16 bolesnika postojao je produženi protok zraka na dren kroz više od pet dana, dok je prosječno vrijeme drenaže iznosilo 4 dana, a prosječni boravak u bolnici 8 dana. Kod većine bolesnika s malignim izljevom rađena je pleurodeza talkom kako bi prestalo nakupljanje izljeva. Videotorakoskopska biopsija omogućava uzimanje kvalitetnog uzorka pleure i plućevine (bioptata) uz visok postotak točnosti. Poslijeoperacijska smrtnost i pobol bili su niži nego kod otvorene biopsije pluća. Zaključak je da je videotorakoskopska biopsija pluća učinkovita i sigurna metoda u dijagnostici kroničnog pleuralnog izljeva

TRANSPLANTACIJA PLUĆA U KLINIČKOM BOLNIČKOM CENTRU ZAGREB U HRVATSKOJ

Objective: Lung transplantation has become a standard of care for patients with a variety of non-malignant end-stage lung diseases. The aim of the study was to report on the safety and feasibility of lung transplantation at the Zagreb University Hospital Center. Methods: In this single center retrospective observational study, all consecutive patients undergoing lung transplantation at the Zagreb University Hospital Center from April 2021 until December 2022 were included. The only inclusion criterion was surgery for lung transplantation. Patient demographic and operative characteristics were reported, as well as early outcomes, including 30-day mortality, hospital stay, intensive care unit stay, duration of mechanical ventilation, and incidence of primary graft dysfunction. The degree of primary graft dysfunction was graded based on the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation criteria at 72 hours after transplantation with grades 0 to 3. Results: During the 21-month study period, 19 patients were successfully transplanted. There was no 30-day mortality. There was one late death at 18 months after transplantation. Median in-hospital stay was 32 days, ranging from 21 to 62 days. Mean mechanical ventilation duration was 105±58 h and median of intensive care unit stay was 6 days, ranging from 4 to 15 days. Only two (11%) patients had the highest grade 3 primary graft dysfunction. Of the remaining patients, 16 (84%) had none (grade 0) and one (5%) patient had mild primary graft dysfunction (grade 1). Conclusion: Our results suggest that lung transplantation is safely performed at the Zagreb University Hospital Center. Initial results with no operative mortality are encouraging. Further follow-up and experience are needed to make inferences on long-term outcomes of our lung transplantation patients.Cilj: Transplantacija pluća postala je standard skrbi za pacijente s nizom nemalignih plućnih bolesti u završnom stadiju. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je izvijestiti o sigurnosti i izvedivosti transplantacije pluća u Kliničkom bolničkom centru Zagreb u Hrvatskoj. Metode: U ovu retrospektivnu opservacijsku studiju uključeni su svi uzastopni pacijenti koji su bili podvrgnuti transplantaciji pluća u Kliničkom bolničkom centru Zagreb od travnja 2021. do prosinca 2022. godine. Jedini kriterij za uključivanje bio je kirurški zahvat transplantacije pluća. Zabilježene su demografske i operativne karakteristike pacijenata, kao i rani ishodi, uključujući 30-dnevnu smrtnost, boravak u bolnici, boravak na jedinici intenzivne njege, trajanje mehaničke ventilacije i incidenciju primarne disfunkcije presatka. Stupanj primarne disfunkcije presatka ocijenjen je na temelju kriterija Međunarodnog društva za transplantaciju srca i pluća 72 sata nakon transplantacije ocjenama od 0 do 3. Rezultati: Tijekom dvadesetjednomjesečnog razdoblja istraživanja transplantacija je uspješno primijenjena u 19 pacijenata. Nije bilo 30-dnevne smrtnosti. Dogodila se jedna kasna smrt 18 mjeseci nakon transplantacije. Medijan boravka u bolnici bio je 32 dana, u rasponu od 21 do 62 dana. Prosječno trajanje mehaničke ventilacije bilo je 105±58 h, a medijanboravka u jedinici intenzivne njege bio je 6 dana, u rasponu od 4 do 15 dana. Samo dva (11 %) bolesnika imala su primarnu disfunkciju presatka najvišeg stupnja 3. Od preostalih bolesnika 16 (84 %) ih nije imalo nikakav (stupanj 0), a jedan (5%) bolesnik imao je blagi, stupanj 1. Rasprava: U ovom članku prikazujemo naše početno iskustvo s transplantacijom pluća. Transplantacija pluća bila je jedina od transplantacija solidnih organa koja se donedavno u Hrvatskoj nije rutinski izvodila, s napomenom da je prva transplantacija pluća u Hrvatskoj učinjena još 2003. godine u Klinici za torakalnu kirurgiju Jordanovac, ali se program transplantacije nije tada nastavio. Od travnja 2021. godine transplantacije pluća rutinski se izvode u našem centru i hrvatski pacijenti više ne moraju putovati u inozemstvo radi transplantacije pluća. Sveukupni nedostatak donora pluća i dalje je glavni ograničavajući čimbenik za broj transplantacija koje se izvode na godinu. Svega 20%-30% doniranih pluća iskoristi se za transplantaciju. Potrebno je kontinuirano unaprjeđenje i razvoj strategija koje će povećati broj donora i uporabljivih plućnih presadaka. Zaključak: Naši rezultati pokazuju da se transplantacija pluća sigurno izvodi u Kliničkom bolničkom centru Zagreb. Početni rezultati bez operativnog mortaliteta su ohrabrujući. Daljnje praćenje i iskustvo potrebni su za donošenje zaključaka o dugoročnim ishodima naših pacijenata s transplantacijom pluća

TRANSPLANTACIJA PLUĆA U KLINIČKOM BOLNIČKOM CENTRU ZAGREB U HRVATSKOJ

Objective: Lung transplantation has become a standard of care for patients with a variety of non-malignant end-stage lung diseases. The aim of the study was to report on the safety and feasibility of lung transplantation at the Zagreb University Hospital Center. Methods: In this single center retrospective observational study, all consecutive patients undergoing lung transplantation at the Zagreb University Hospital Center from April 2021 until December 2022 were included. The only inclusion criterion was surgery for lung transplantation. Patient demographic and operative characteristics were reported, as well as early outcomes, including 30-day mortality, hospital stay, intensive care unit stay, duration of mechanical ventilation, and incidence of primary graft dysfunction. The degree of primary graft dysfunction was graded based on the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation criteria at 72 hours after transplantation with grades 0 to 3. Results: During the 21-month study period, 19 patients were successfully transplanted. There was no 30-day mortality. There was one late death at 18 months after transplantation. Median in-hospital stay was 32 days, ranging from 21 to 62 days. Mean mechanical ventilation duration was 105±58 h and median of intensive care unit stay was 6 days, ranging from 4 to 15 days. Only two (11%) patients had the highest grade 3 primary graft dysfunction. Of the remaining patients, 16 (84%) had none (grade 0) and one (5%) patient had mild primary graft dysfunction (grade 1). Conclusion: Our results suggest that lung transplantation is safely performed at the Zagreb University Hospital Center. Initial results with no operative mortality are encouraging. Further follow-up and experience are needed to make inferences on long-term outcomes of our lung transplantation patients.Cilj: Transplantacija pluća postala je standard skrbi za pacijente s nizom nemalignih plućnih bolesti u završnom stadiju. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je izvijestiti o sigurnosti i izvedivosti transplantacije pluća u Kliničkom bolničkom centru Zagreb u Hrvatskoj. Metode: U ovu retrospektivnu opservacijsku studiju uključeni su svi uzastopni pacijenti koji su bili podvrgnuti transplantaciji pluća u Kliničkom bolničkom centru Zagreb od travnja 2021. do prosinca 2022. godine. Jedini kriterij za uključivanje bio je kirurški zahvat transplantacije pluća. Zabilježene su demografske i operativne karakteristike pacijenata, kao i rani ishodi, uključujući 30-dnevnu smrtnost, boravak u bolnici, boravak na jedinici intenzivne njege, trajanje mehaničke ventilacije i incidenciju primarne disfunkcije presatka. Stupanj primarne disfunkcije presatka ocijenjen je na temelju kriterija Međunarodnog društva za transplantaciju srca i pluća 72 sata nakon transplantacije ocjenama od 0 do 3. Rezultati: Tijekom dvadesetjednomjesečnog razdoblja istraživanja transplantacija je uspješno primijenjena u 19 pacijenata. Nije bilo 30-dnevne smrtnosti. Dogodila se jedna kasna smrt 18 mjeseci nakon transplantacije. Medijan boravka u bolnici bio je 32 dana, u rasponu od 21 do 62 dana. Prosječno trajanje mehaničke ventilacije bilo je 105±58 h, a medijanboravka u jedinici intenzivne njege bio je 6 dana, u rasponu od 4 do 15 dana. Samo dva (11 %) bolesnika imala su primarnu disfunkciju presatka najvišeg stupnja 3. Od preostalih bolesnika 16 (84 %) ih nije imalo nikakav (stupanj 0), a jedan (5%) bolesnik imao je blagi, stupanj 1. Rasprava: U ovom članku prikazujemo naše početno iskustvo s transplantacijom pluća. Transplantacija pluća bila je jedina od transplantacija solidnih organa koja se donedavno u Hrvatskoj nije rutinski izvodila, s napomenom da je prva transplantacija pluća u Hrvatskoj učinjena još 2003. godine u Klinici za torakalnu kirurgiju Jordanovac, ali se program transplantacije nije tada nastavio. Od travnja 2021. godine transplantacije pluća rutinski se izvode u našem centru i hrvatski pacijenti više ne moraju putovati u inozemstvo radi transplantacije pluća. Sveukupni nedostatak donora pluća i dalje je glavni ograničavajući čimbenik za broj transplantacija koje se izvode na godinu. Svega 20%-30% doniranih pluća iskoristi se za transplantaciju. Potrebno je kontinuirano unaprjeđenje i razvoj strategija koje će povećati broj donora i uporabljivih plućnih presadaka. Zaključak: Naši rezultati pokazuju da se transplantacija pluća sigurno izvodi u Kliničkom bolničkom centru Zagreb. Početni rezultati bez operativnog mortaliteta su ohrabrujući. Daljnje praćenje i iskustvo potrebni su za donošenje zaključaka o dugoročnim ishodima naših pacijenata s transplantacijom pluća

Our Experience in the Management of Congenital Chest Wall Deformities

Deformiteti stijenke prsnog koša su relativno rijetke bolesti nepoznate etiologije koje se javljaju u djetinjstvu i adolescenciji. Primjetna je obiteljska pojavnost deformiteta uz vrlo rijetko spontano izlječenje. Kirurško liječenje predstavlja jedinu mogućnost ispravljanja deformiteta bilo klasičnim operacijskim načinom ili minimalno invazivnom metodom liječenja (endoskopskim putem). Među kirurzima nema ujednačenog stava o tome u kojem je životom razdoblju najbolje učiniti ispravljanje deformiteta, jer su rezultati vrlo dobri bez obzira na primijenjenu metodu liječenja. U ovom radu prikazani su rezultati liječenja kod 105 bolesnika operiranih klasičnim načinom između 1985. i 2005. godine u Klinici za torakalnu kirurgiju Kliničke bolnice za plućne bolesti „Jordanovac“.Chest wall deformities are relatively rare diseases of unknown etiology, which occur in childhood and adolescence. Pectus deformities show familial occurrence with very rare spontaneous resolution. Operative treatment is one of the possible therapeutic options for deformity correction by classic operative procedure or by minimally invasive method of treatment (endoscopic). There is no consensus among surgeons about the age at which correction of the chest wall deformity should best be performed because therapeutic results are very good irrespective of the method of treatment employed. Therapeutic results in 105 patients operated on by the classic method during the 1985-2005 period at University Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jordanovac University Hospital for Lung Diseases in Zagreb, Croatia, are reported

Tertiary Lymphoid Structures in Colorectal Cancers and Their Prognostic Value

Abstract Introduction: Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) in tumor stroma are considered to be involved in elimination of malignant cells and in prevention of metastasis formation. TIL are consisted of T lymphocytes including cytotoxic lymphocytes that are a constituent part of the effector mechanism of anti-tumor immunity and B lymphocytes that can form tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS). TLS have been described in several solid tumors and in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and they influence on the local and systemic anti-cancer response. The aim of this study was to quantify the presence of TLS in CRC patients and to determine their role in tumor progression. Patients and methods: The study included 103 patients with CRC who underwent surgery at the University Clinic of Digestive Surgery in Skopje, whose operative material was analyzed at the Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty in Skopje. The density of TLS was determined and correlated with neoplasm status of local growth (T), positive lymph nodes, lymphatic invasion, stage of the disease and tumor grade. Results: The density of TLS was significantly higher in patients with higher stage, lower T status, negative lymph nodes, in patients with no lymphatic invasion and with better differentiated tumors. Conclusion: The density of TLS plays an important role in controlling the tumor growth and it can be a parameter for neoplasm progression in CRC patients. The density of TLS has influence on the control of tumor progression