Assessment of Treatment Plan Quality between Flattening Filter and Flattening Filter Free Photon Beam for Carcinoma of the Esophagus with IMRT Technique

Background: As compared to the flattened photon beam, removing the flattening filter (FF) from the head of a gantry decreases the average energy of the photon beam and increases the dose rate, leading to an impact on the quality of treatment plans. Objective: This study aimed to compare the quality of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) treatment plans for esophageal cancer with and without a flattened filter photon beam. Material and Methods: In this analytical study, 12 patients, who had already been treated with a 6X FF photon beam, were treated based on new IMRT methods using a 6X the flattening filter-free (FFF) photon beam. Both 6X FF IMRT and 6X FFF IMRT plans used identical beam parameters and planning objectives. All plans were evaluated with planning indices and doses for organs at risk (OARs). Results: Insignificant dose variation was for HI, CI, D98%, and V95% between FF and FFF photon beam IMRT plans. FF-based IMRT plan delivered a 15.51% and 11.27% higher mean dose to both lungs and heart than the FFF plan, respectively. The integral dose (ID) for the heart and lungs was 11.21% and 15.51%, respectively, less in the IMRT plan with an FFF photon beam.  Conclusion: In contrast to the FF photon beam, a filtered photon beam-oriented IMRT plan provides significant OAR sparing without losing the quality of the treatment plan. High monitor units (MUs), low ID, and Beam on Time (BOT) are major highlights of the IMRT plan with FFF beam

Comparative evaluation of interrupted and intermittent forces on canine retraction: an in vivo study

Introduction: Various force systems are used in orthodontics to move teeth, such as continuous, intermittent and interrupted. Teeth responds differently to these orthodontic forces.Aims: The aim of the study is to compare the rate of canine retraction with intermittent and interrupted forces.Materials and Methods: A split mouth study was carried among eighteen participants. One side of maxillary arch randomly received interrupted force with elastomeric powerchain while other received intermittent force with elastics with magnitude of 150-170g for canine retraction on each side. For 15 weeks, participants were asked to wear the elastics 8 hours a day whereas the elastomeric powerchains were replaced by operator every 5 weeks. The outcomes were assessed using scanned images of study models collected at the beginning (T0) and 15 weeks later (T3) as well on OPG. Linear and angular measurements were used to measure the distal movement, rotation as well tipping of canines and the results were statistically analysed using Independent t-test.Results: The distal movement of canine on the interrupted force side was 0.98mm/5weeks and on the intermittent force side was 1.06mm/5weeks. The distopalatal rotation on interrupted and intermittent force side was 8.38° and 5.72°. Tipping measured on OPG was 5.72° and 5.27° for interrupted and intermittent force. No statistically significant differences were found.Conclusion: The rate of canine retraction with interrupted force and intermittent force showed no statistically significant differences. Less canine rotation and tipping with intermittent force compared to interrupted force though not statistically significant

VOICE CONTROL ROBOT USING ARDUINO PICK AND PLACE OBJECT

vvvvA rescue robot is a robot that has been designed for the purpose of aiding in most rescueworkforces.Inmostofcommoncircumstancesthatskillrescuerobotsaremining fortunes, urban ruins, and imprisoned situations and blasts. This robot will help us in thesesituationsbyhelpinghumans.Themajorobjectiveofthisprojectistocontrolthe robot by using voice commands and to use in disaster regions. It is aimed for theusers to control a pick and place device through voice commands. Here the user can control all the movements of robot through voice commands to remove the objects in disaster regions.Itusesamicrophonetoconvertthegivenvoicecommandstoelectricalsignals andthissignalisrecognizedusingvoicerecognizerbymeansofavoicesensor.Thissensor is known as the VR Module. It will produce an output which is used by a controller to produce a control output. This output will drive the motor, thus robotic action takes place. It consists of L293D IC which will as a driving mechanism of the pick and place robot. Also, it has servomotor that helps for movement of arms. The two micro servos areusedingrippingtheobjectsatadistance.TheVRmoduleisusedheretorecognize the voice and give the output to microcontroller. If the signal is same with that of the trainedsignalinkeypad,theservoswillworkaccordingtoit.A rescue robot is a robot that has been designed for the purpose of aiding in most rescueworkforces.Inmostofcommoncircumstancesthatskillrescuerobotsaremining fortunes, urban ruins, and imprisoned situations and blasts. This robot will help us in thesesituationsbyhelpinghumans.Themajorobjectiveofthisprojectistocontrolthe robot by using voice commands and to use in disaster regions. It is aimed for theusers to control a pick and place device through voice commands. Here the user can control all the movements of robot through voice commands to remove the objects in disaster regions.Itusesamicrophonetoconvertthegivenvoicecommandstoelectricalsignals andthissignalisrecognizedusingvoicerecognizerbymeansofavoicesensor.Thissensor is known as the VR Module. It will produce an output which is used by a controller to produce a control output. This output will drive the motor, thus robotic action takes place. It consists of L293D IC which will as a driving mechanism of the pick and place robot. Also, it has servomotor that helps for movement of arms. The two micro servos areusedingrippingtheobjectsatadistance.TheVRmoduleisusedheretorecognize the voice and give the output to microcontroller. If the signal is same with that of the trainedsignalinkeypad,theservoswillworkaccordingtoit.

HIERARCHICAL TEXT CLASSIFICATION USING DICTIONARY BASED APPROACH AND CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK

As increasing amount of electronic information which is usually in textual form. There is an important requirement to classify textual reports generated by organizations into various categories. Machine Learning techniques can be employed to classify text autonomously in an effective manner. We propose a generic web-based application for classifying text using machine learning techniques. For creating a baseline implementation, we projected a dictionary-based approach for text classification. The dictionary is populated based on domain-specific inputs. The dictionary is expanded using automated techniques. This helps us in getting an end-to-end implementation of full pipeline. In subsequent phases, we proposed our approach with Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for text classification

GAIT SOLUTION FOR HEXAPOD LOCOMOTION BY ARDUINO

Robots are controlling today’s tech-machines scenario and world is ready to accept the new trends the for useful operations. In some industries, a part of work which signify threat and consequently, very strict security rules e.g. some of the work in nuclear plant, where human can’t go or its should be avoided as well as such condition such as underwater exploration even on terrain surface too where human can’t go on defined destination or somehow it’s difficult to reach on defined destination even in surface such as rock, mud, natural water flow, sometimes it’s impossible to move for any huma

HEXAPOD: A SPIDER FOR TERRAIN AND OBSTACLE SHUNNING BY ARDUINO

Robots are controlling today’s tech-machines scenario and world is ready to accept the new trends the for useful operations. In some industries, apart of work which signify threat and consequently, very strict security rules e.g. some of the work in nuclear plant, where human can’t go or its should be avoided as well as such condition such as underwater exploration even on terrain surface too where human can’t go on defined destination or somehow it’s difficult to reach on defined destination even in surface such as rock, mud, natural water flow, sometimes it’s impossible to move for any huma

Hierarchical Text Classification Using Dictionary Based Approach and Convolutional Neural Network

As increasing amount of electronic information which is usually in textual form. There is an important requirement to classify textual reports generated by organizations into various categories. Machine Learning techniques can be employed to classify text autonomously in an effective manner. We propose a generic web-based application for classifying text using machine learning techniques. For creating a baseline implementation, we projected a dictionary-based approach for text classification. The dictionary is populated based on domain-specific inputs. The dictionary is expanded using automated techniques. This helps us in getting an end-to-end implementation of full pipeline. In subsequent phases, we proposed our approach with Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for text classification

Gait Solution For Hexapod Locomotion By Arduino

Robots are controlling today's tech-machines scenario and world is ready to accept the new trends the for useful operations. In some industries, a part of work which signify threat and consequently, very strict security rules e.g. some of the work in nuclear plant, where human can't go or its should be avoided as well as such condition such as underwater exploration even on terrain surface too where human can't go on defined destination or somehow it's difficult to reach on defined destination even in surface such as rock, mud, natural water flow, sometimes it's impossible to move for any huma

Hexapod: A Spider for Terrain and Obstacle Shunning by Arduino

Robots are controlling today's tech-machines scenario and world is ready to accept the new trends the for useful operations. In some industries, apart of work which signify threat and consequently, very strict security rules e.g. some of the work in nuclear plant, where human can't go or its should be avoided as well as such condition such as underwater exploration even on terrain surface too where human can't go on defined destination or somehow it's difficult to reach on defined destination even in surface such as rock, mud, natural water flow, sometimes it's impossible to move for any huma

Voice Control Robot Using Arduino Pick and Place Object

VvvvA rescue robot is a robot that has been designed for the purpose of aiding in most rescueworkforces.Inmostofcommoncircumstancesthatskillrescuerobotsaremining fortunes, urban ruins, and imprisoned situations and blasts. This robot will help us in thesesituationsbyhelpinghumans.Themajorobjectiveofthisprojectistocontrolthe robot by using voice commands and to use in disaster regions. It is aimed for theusers to control a pick and place device through voice commands. Here the user can control all the movements of robot through voice commands to remove the objects in disaster regions.Itusesamicrophonetoconvertthegivenvoicecommandstoelectricalsignals andthissignalisrecognizedusingvoicerecognizerbymeansofavoicesensor.Thissensor is known as the VR Module. It will produce an output which is used by a controller to produce a control output. This output will drive the motor, thus robotic action takes place. It consists of L293D IC which will as a driving mechanism of the pick and place robot. Also, it has servomotor that helps for movement of arms. The two micro servos areusedingrippingtheobjectsatadistance.TheVRmoduleisusedheretorecognize the voice and give the output to microcontroller. If the signal is same with that of the trainedsignalinkeypad,theservoswillworkaccordingtoit.A rescue robot is a robot that has been designed for the purpose of aiding in most rescueworkforces.Inmostofcommoncircumstancesthatskillrescuerobotsaremining fortunes, urban ruins, and imprisoned situations and blasts. This robot will help us in thesesituationsbyhelpinghumans.Themajorobjectiveofthisprojectistocontrolthe robot by using voice commands and to use in disaster regions. It is aimed for theusers to control a pick and place device through voice commands. Here the user can control all the movements of robot through voice commands to remove the objects in disaster regions.Itusesamicrophonetoconvertthegivenvoicecommandstoelectricalsignals andthissignalisrecognizedusingvoicerecognizerbymeansofavoicesensor.Thissensor is known as the VR Module. It will produce an output which is used by a controller to produce a control output. This output will drive the motor, thus robotic action takes place. It consists of L293D IC which will as a driving mechanism of the pick and place robot. Also, it has servomotor that helps for movement of arms. The two micro servos areusedingrippingtheobjectsatadistance.TheVRmoduleisusedheretorecognize the voice and give the output to microcontroller. If the signal is same with that of the trainedsignalinkeypad,theservoswillworkaccordingtoit.