Маргінеси „чужої” мови в романі Джені Ерпенбек „Словник”

Запропонована розвідка є однією із численних спроб постколоніальних феміністичних студій відповісти на питання, чи може підпорядковане промовляти. Йдеться про сучасну німецьку жіночу прозу Дженні Ерпенбек, зокрема її роман „Словник”, та визначення статусу жінки з комплексом дотичних до нього проблем у ході вписування жіночого, почасти автобіографічного досвіду, в національну історію тоталітарного минулого на прикладі запропонованого роману. Так, автобіографічні рефлексії письменниці щодо нацистського та соціалістичного режимів насилля презентують жінку як суб’єкта, що говорить, залишаючись поза структурою мови. Процес пригадування задля пошуків істини розкриває механізми поглинання мови ідеологічним міфом. Відтак духовний простір жінки залишається на маргінесах мови, суспільства, історії.The present study is based on the women’s autobiographic experience to tell the self- and national history of the totalitarian regime. The study seeks some the most important postcolonial aspects of the female existence in the mirror of the ideological language. To recognize the problem of language and violence is to show the mechanism of the women’s removing to the linguistic margins. In agree with the main postcolonial tendencies the article concludes such actual theories to prove these aspects: the term of the contemporal myth by R. Barthes, the discourse of language and violence in the feministic theory of L. Terel, the conception of the female language in the work of E. Showalter, the multicultural points of view of G.Ch. Spivak, the Strenger’s identity of B. Valdenfels

Randomized controlled field trial to assess the immunogenicity and safety of rift valley fever clone 13 vaccine in livestock

BACKGROUND:Although livestock vaccination is effective in preventing Rift Valley fever (RVF) epidemics, there are concerns about safety and effectiveness of the only commercially available RVF Smithburn vaccine. We conducted a randomized controlled field trial to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of the new RVF Clone 13 vaccine, recently registered in South Africa. METHODS:In a blinded randomized controlled field trial, 404 animals (85 cattle, 168 sheep, and 151 goats) in three farms in Kenya were divided into three groups. Group A included males and non-pregnant females that were randomized and assigned to two groups; one vaccinated with RVF Clone 13 and the other given placebo. Groups B included animals in 1st half of pregnancy, and group C animals in 2nd half of pregnancy, which were also randomized and either vaccinated and given placebo. Animals were monitored for one year and virus antibodies titers assessed on days 14, 28, 56, 183 and 365. RESULTS:In vaccinated goats (N = 72), 72% developed anti-RVF virus IgM antibodies and 97% neutralizing IgG antibodies. In vaccinated sheep (N = 77), 84% developed IgM and 91% neutralizing IgG antibodies. Vaccinated cattle (N = 42) did not develop IgM antibodies but 67% developed neutralizing IgG antibodies. At day 14 post-vaccination, the odds of being seropositive for IgG in the vaccine group was 3.6 (95% CI, 1.5 - 9.2) in cattle, 90.0 (95% CI, 25.1 - 579.2) in goats, and 40.0 (95% CI, 16.5 - 110.5) in sheep. Abortion was observed in one vaccinated goat but histopathologic analysis did not indicate RVF virus infection. There was no evidence of teratogenicity in vaccinated or placebo animals. CONCLUSIONS:The results suggest RVF Clone 13 vaccine is safe to use and has high (>90%) immunogenicity in sheep and goats but moderate (> 65%) immunogenicity in cattle

The European Virus Archive goes global: A growing resource for research

The European Virus Archive (EVA) was created in 2008 with funding from the FP7-EU Infrastructure Programme, in response to the need for a coordinated and readily accessible collection of viruses that could be made available to academia, public health organisations and industry. Within three years, it developed from a consortium of nine European laboratories to encompass associated partners in Africa, Russia, China, Turkey, Germany and Italy. In 2014, the H2020 Research and Innovation Framework Programme (INFRAS projects) provided support for the transformation of the EVA from a European to a global organization (EVAg). The EVAg now operates as a non-profit consortium, with 26 partners and 20 associated partners from 21 EU and non-EU countries. In this paper, we outline the structure, management and goals of the EVAg, to bring to the attention of researchers the wealth of products it can provide and to illustrate how end-users can gain access to these resources. Organisations or individuals who would like to be considered as contributors are invited to contact the EVAg coordinator, Jean-Louis Romette, at [email protected]