Small-scale solar magnetic fields

As we resolve ever smaller structures in the solar atmosphere, it has become clear that magnetism is an important component of those small structures. Small-scale magnetism holds the key to many poorly understood facets of solar magnetism on all scales, such as the existence of a local dynamo, chromospheric heating, and flux emergence, to name a few. Here, we review our knowledge of small-scale photospheric fields, with particular emphasis on quiet-sun field, and discuss the implications of several results obtained recently using new instruments, as well as future prospects in this field of research.Comment: 43 pages, 18 figure

The Role of Apoptosis in LDL Transport through Endothelial Cell Monolayers

Proceedings Pape

Computational model of collagen turnover in carotid arteries during hypertension

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Saez, P., Peña, E., Tarbell, J., Martínez, M. Computational model of collagen turnover in carotid arteries during hypertension. "International journal for numerical methods in biomedical engineering - Online", Febrer 2015, vol. 31, núm. 2, p. 1-25, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/cnm.2705. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.t is well known that biological tissues adapt their properties because of different mechanical and chemical stimuli. The goal of this work is to study the collagen turnover in the arterial tissue of hypertensive patients through a coupled computational mechano-chemical model. Although it has been widely studied experimen- tally, computational models dealing with the mechano-chemical approach are not. The present approach can be extended easily to study other aspects of bone remodeling or collagen degradation in heart diseases. The model can be divided into three different stages. First, we study the smooth muscle cell synthesis of differ- ent biological substances due to over-stretching during hypertension. Next, we study the mass-transport of these substances along the arterial wall. The last step is to compute the turnover of collagen based on the amount of these substances in the arterial wall which interact with each other to modify the turnover rate of collagen. We simulate this process in a finite element model of a real human carotid artery. The final results show the well-known stiffening of the arterial wall due to the increase in the collagen content.Peer Reviewe