Anorexigènes et maladies cardiovasculaires : les liaisons dangereuses

Les anorexigènes sont essentiellement des dérivés chimiques proches des amphétamines dont le mécanisme d'action est lié à une augmentation cérébrale de noradrénaline et/ou de sérotonine. Le développement d'une hypertension artérielle pulmonaire (HTAP) et de lésions valvulaires cardiaques, bien documentés sur plusieurs études, ont conduit à l'arrêt il y plusieurs années, des premières molécules (aminorex, fenfluramine, dexfenfluramine). Le benfluorex, introduit dans les années 1970 n'a été retiré que progressivement du marché des pays européens et très récemment en France. Si le lien entre benfluorex et HTAP ne semble pas certain, en revanche le développement de valvulopathie est bien démontré. La physiopathologie de l'HTAP et des maladies valvulaires induites par la prise d'anorexigènes n'est pas complètement élucidée. Cependant, plusieurs mécanismes ont été évoqués, dont la perte de régulation de la voie de la sérotonine ou le rôle de canaux potassium-dépendants, qui représentent les pistes les plus sérieuses

Hypertension pulmonaire associée aux maladies du coeur gauche: quelle définition et quelle prise en charge en 2013 [Pulmonary hypertension in left heart disease: how to define it and how to manage it in 2013?].

Pulmonary hypertension is a frequent complication of left heart disease arising from a wide range of cardiac disorders and is associated with poor prognosis. Its pathophysiology is complex with both passive mechanisms of elevated filling pressures in left cavities and occasionally reactive mechanisms of arterial vasoconstriction and remodelling to interplay. This stage, called <out-of-proportions> pulmonary hypertension, further worsens the heart failure patients' prognosis but is still a matter of debate concerning the criteria to apply for its diagnosis and concerning the best way to manage it. This article gives an overview of the importance and pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension associated with left heart disease, and discusses the challenges associated with its diagnosis and treatment

Prostacyclins in pulmonary arterial hypertension: the need for earlier therapy.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare but serious condition, which if untreated, is associated with a 2-3-year median survival time. A number of treatment options are available for PAH, leading to improvements in exercise capacity, symptoms, and hemodynamics. However, the disease remains incurable and most patients will ultimately progress to right heart failure and death. Three classes of drugs are currently available to improve PAH outcomes, although this review will focus solely on a class of potent vasodilators known as prostacyclins. Currently, four prostacyclin analogs are licensed for the treatment of PAH: epoprostenol, treprostinil, and iloprost in the USA and some European countries, and beraprost in Japan and Korea. Prostacyclins have become the treatment of choice in patients with severe PAH, but there is also evidence to suggest that their earlier use may also benefit patients with mild-to-moderate disease. This review discusses the advantages of prostacyclins in terms of their usefulness in patients whose condition has deteriorated following monotherapy with other agents, and their integral role in combination therapy. The latter appears to offer the potential for pulmonary vasculature remodeling and could be regarded as an emerging paradigm to treat and prevent the progression of PAH.Journal ArticleResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tReviewSCOPUS: re.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe