Global trends of hand and wrist trauma: A systematic analysis of fracture and digit amputation using the Global Burden of Disease 2017 Study

Background: As global rates of mortality decrease, rates of non-fatal injury have increased, particularly in low Socio-demographic Index (SDI) nations. We hypothesised this global pattern of non-fatal injury would be demonstrated in regard to bony hand and wrist trauma over the 27-year study period. Methods: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 was used to estimate prevalence, age-standardised incidence and years lived with disability for hand trauma in 195 countries from 1990 to 2017. Individual injuries included hand and wrist fractures, thumb amputations and non-thumb digit amputations. Results: The global incidence of hand trauma has only modestly decreased since 1990. In 2017, t

Genome-Wide Association Study in BRCA1 Mutation Carriers Identifies Novel Loci Associated with Breast and Ovarian Cancer Risk

BRCA1-associated breast and ovarian cancer risks can be modified by common genetic variants. To identify further cancer risk-modifying loci, we performed a multi-stage GWAS of 11,705 BRCA1 carriers (of whom 5,920 were diagnosed with breast and 1,839 were diagnosed with ovarian cancer), with a further replication in an additional sample of 2,646 BRCA1 carriers. We identified a novel breast cancer risk modifier locus at 1q32 for BRCA1 carriers (rs2290854, P = 2.7×10-8, HR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.09-1.20). In addition, we identified two novel ovarian cancer risk modifier loci: 17q21.31 (rs17631303, P = 1.4×10-8, HR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.17-1.38) and 4q32.3 (rs4691139, P = 3.4×10-8, HR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.17-1.38). The 4q32.3 locus was not associated with ovarian cancer risk in the general population or BRCA2 carriers, suggesting a BRCA1-specific associat

Toward a kinship perspective on entrepreneurship

This paper develops a theoretical framework for analyzing the role of kinship in entrepreneurship. Kinship, we argue, is a key-ingredient of the social and cultural environment of entrepreneurs, and therefore essential in understanding how and why entrepreneurship happens. Building on qualitative research conducted among Cambodian Chinese entrepreneurs in Phnom Penh, we define kinship as interpersonal ties grounded in relatedness. We distinguish different categories of kinship ties that involve different levels of relatedness and are used for different aspects of entrepreneurship, and we identify different types of reciprocity and trust as the sociocultural dynamics that buttress kinship involvement in entrepreneurship

Factors Associated with Revision Surgery after Internal Fixation of Hip Fractures

Background: Femoral neck fractures are associated with high rates of revision surgery after management with internal fixation. Using data from the Fixation using Alternative Implants for the Treatment of Hip fractures (FAITH) trial evaluating methods of internal fixation in patients with femoral neck fractures, we investigated associations between baseline and surgical factors and the need for revision surgery to promote healing, relieve pain, treat infection or improve function over 24 months postsurgery. Additionally, we investigated factors associated with (1) hardware removal and (2) implant exchange from cancellous screws (CS) or sliding hip screw (SHS) to total hip arthroplasty, hemiarthroplasty, or another internal fixation device. Methods: We identified 15 potential factors a priori that may be associated with revision surgery, 7 with hardware removal, and 14 with implant exchange. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards analyses in our investigation. Results: Factors associated with increased risk of revision surgery included: female sex, [hazard ratio (HR) 1.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25-2.50; P = 0.001], higher body mass index (fo

Electron spin echo envelope modulation spectroscopy of disordered solids: an investigation of 14N coordination in transition metal complexes

Contains fulltext : mmubn000001_169779173.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)Promotores : E. de Boer en E. Reijerse149 p

Geometry and Framework Interactions of Zeolite-Encapsulated Copper(II)-Histidine Complexes

The coordination geometry of zeolite-encapsulated copper(II)-histidine (CuHis) complexes, prepared by ion exchange of the complexes from aqueous solutions into zeolite NaY, was determined by a combination of UV-vis-NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), X-band EPR, electron-spin-echo envelope modulation (ESEEM), and high field (W-band) pulsed ENDOR techniques. X-band EPR spectroscopy detected two distinct complexes, A and B, which are different from the prevailing Cu(II) bis-His complex in the exchange solution (pH 7.3 with a His:Cu(II) ratio of 5:1). Moreover, the relative amount of complex B was found to increase with increasing Cu(II) concentration. The EPR parameters of complex A are g^ ) 2.054, g| ) 2.31, and A| ) 15.8 mT, whereas those of complex B are g^ ) 2.068, g| ) 2.25, A| ) 18.3 mT, and A^(14Á) ~ 1.3 mT. The presence of the 14N superhyperfine splitting shows that in complex B three nitrogens are coordinated to the Cu(II). Furthermore, DRS exhibits a shift of the d-d absorption band of Cu(II) from 15 200 cm-1 in complex A to 15 900 cm-1 in complex B, indicating an increasing ligand field strength in the latter. The coordination of the imino nitrogen of the imidazole group was detected in the two complexes via the ESEEM frequencies of the remote nitrogen. In contrast, only complex A exhibited 27Al modulation, which indicates that the Cu(II) binds to zeolite framework oxygens. 2H and 1H W-band ENDOR measurements on samples where the exchangeable protons were replaced with 2H, and using specifically labeled histidine (His-R-d-â-d2), lead to the unambiguous determination of the coordination configuration of the two complexes. Complex A is a mono-His complex where both the amino and imino nitrogens are coordinated and the other equatorial ligands are provided by a zeolite oxygen and a water molecule. Complex B is a bis-His complex, which is situated in the center of the supercage, and all equatorial coordination sites are provided by the His molecules. These are amino and imino nitrogens of one His molecule and the imino nitrogen and carboxylate oxygen of the second His molecule. Complex A can be converted into complex B by stirring the zeolite in a high pH solution, whereas complex B is converted into complex A by using a low pH solution, thus indicating that complex A is stabilized by the presence of intrazeolitic protons. On the basis of the structure of the complexes, the dependence of their relative amounts on the pH and Cu(II) concentration in the exchange solution, the His: Cu(II) ratio in the zeolite, the amount of exchanged Na(I) ions, and the steric constraints imposed by the zeolite framework, a model for the ion exchange processes and the intrazeolite reactions leading to the formation of the two complexes is presented

Supplementary Material for: Assessing the Acceptability of Less Invasive Caries Removal Techniques for treating Deep Carious Lesions: A Conjoint Survey among Dentists Practicing in a Midwestern American State”

Background: This study identified factors that influence dentists’ decisions regarding less invasive caries removal techniques such as stepwise removal (SW) and selective removal (SE) using a marketing research technique, conjoint analysis. Methods: A survey was sent to 1,434 dentists practicing in Iowa. Dentists were randomly assigned to receive a questionnaire to rate the likelihood they would use either SW/SE in hypothetical clinical scenarios. The scenarios were carefully created by conjoint design and included three relevant attributes: depth of lesion, hardness of carious dentin and patient age. Descriptive and conjoint analysis were performed to assess trade-offs between these attributes, using SPSS Results: The study revealed that depth of lesion was the most important factor in dentists’ decisions (49 importance value) when choosing a SW to treat a deep carious lesion (DCL), followed by hardness of carious dentin and patient age (21 importance value). For the SE-group, depth of the lesion was also the predominant factor when selecting a treatment. The study also identified that a high proportion of dentists (24.9%) indicated they would never consider using SW or SE under any circumstances. Conclusions: Our survey showed that depth of lesion was the most important reason to select a less invasive caries removal method. The high proportion of dentists indicating they would never consider selective caries removal techniques suggests that these less invasive options are underutilized