1,552 research outputs found
Effect of pyramiding Bt and CpTI genes on resistance of cotton to Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under laboratory and field conditions
Transgenic cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) varieties, adapted to China, have been bred that express two genes for resistance to insects. the Cry1Ac gene from Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) (Bt), and a trypsin inhibitor gene from cowpea (CpTI). Effectiveness of the double gene modification in conferring resistance to cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), was studied in laboratory and field experiments. In each experiment, performance of Bt+CpTI cotton was compared with Bt cotton and to a conventional nontransgenic variety. Larval survival was lower on both types of transgenic variety, compared with the conventional cotton. Survival of first-, second-, and third-stage larvae was lower on Bt+CpTI cotton than on Bt cotton. Plant structures differed in level of resistance, and these differences were similar on Bt and Bt+CpTI cotton. Likewise, seasonal trends in level of resistance in different plant structures were similar in Bt and Bt+CpTI cotton. Both types of transgenic cotton interfered with development of sixth-stage larvae to adults, and no offspring was produced by H. armigera that fed on Bt or Bt+CpTI cotton from the sixth stage onward. First-, second-, and third-stage larvae spent significantly less time feeding on transgenic cotton than on conventional cotton, and the reduction in feeding time was significantly greater on Bt+CpTI cotton than on Bt cotton. Food conversion efficiency was lower on transgenic varieties than on conventional cotton, but there was no significant difference between Bt and Bt+CpTI cotton. In 3-yr field experimentation, bollworm densities were greatly suppressed on transgenic as compared with conventional cotton, but no significant differences between Bt and Bt+CpTI cotton were found. Overall, the results from laboratory work indicate that introduction of the CpTI gene in Bt cotton raises some components of resistance in cotton against H. armigera, but enhanced control of H. armigera under field conditions, due to expression of the CpTI gene, was not demonstrate
and the tree amplitude in
The recently-observed decay is expected to proceed
mainly by means of a tree amplitude in the factorization limit: , . Under this assumption, we predict the
corresponding contribution of the tree amplitude to . We
indicate the needed improvements in data that will allow a useful estimate of
this amplitude with errors comparable to those accompanying other methods.
Since the factorization hypothesis for this process goes beyond that proved in
most approaches, we also discuss independent tests of this hypothesis.Comment: 7 pages, LaTeX, 1 figure, to be submitted to Phys. Rev. D (Brief
Reports
Resummation of nuclear enhanced higher twist in the Drell Yan process
We investigate higher twist contributions to the transverse momentum
broadening of Drell Yan pairs in proton nucleus collisions. We revisit the
contribution of matrix elements of twist-4 and generalize this to matrix
elements of arbitrary twist. An estimate of the maximal nuclear broadening
effect is derived. A model for nuclear enhanced matrix elements of arbitrary
twist allows us to give the result of a resummation of all twists in closed
form. Subleading corrections to the maximal broadening are discussed
qualitatively.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures; v2: minor changes in text, acknowledgement
added; v3: mistake in fig. 1 correcte
Integral equation method for the electromagnetic wave propagation in stratified anisotropic dielectric-magnetic materials
We investigate the propagation of electromagnetic waves in stratified
anisotropic dielectric-magnetic materials using the integral equation method
(IEM). Based on the superposition principle, we use Hertz vector formulations
of radiated fields to study the interaction of wave with matter. We derive in a
new way the dispersion relation, Snell's law and reflection/transmission
coefficients by self-consistent analyses. Moreover, we find two new forms of
the generalized extinction theorem. Applying the IEM, we investigate the wave
propagation through a slab and disclose the underlying physics which are
further verified by numerical simulations. The results lead to a unified
framework of the IEM for the propagation of wave incident either from a medium
or vacuum in stratified dielectric-magnetic materials.Comment: 14pages, 3figure
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Simulation of natural corrosion by vapor hydration test: seven-year results
We have investigated the alteration behavior of synthetic basalt and SRL 165 borosilicate waste glasses that had been reacted in water vapor at 70 {degrees}C for time periods up to seven years. The nature and extent of corrosion of glasses have been determined by characterizing the reacted glass surface with optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Alteration in 70 {degrees}C laboratory tests was compared to that which occurs at 150-200 {degrees}C and also with Hawaiian basaltic glasses of 480 to 750 year old subaerially altered in nature. Synthetic basalt and waste glasses, both containing about 50 percent wt SiO{sub 2} were found to react with water vapor to form an amorphous hydrated gel that contained small amounts of clay, nearly identical to palagonite layers formed on naturally altered basaltic glass. This result implies that the corrosion reaction in nature can be simulated with a vapor hydration test. These tests also provide a means for measuring the corrosion kinetics, which are difficult to determine by studying natural samples because alteration layers have often spelled off the samples and we have only limited knowledge of the conditions under which alteration occurred
Simulation of Natural Corrosion by Vapor Hydration Test: Seven-Year Results
We have investigated the alteration behavior of synthetic basalt and SRL 165 borosilicate waste glasses that had been reacted in water vapor at 70 {degrees}C for time periods up to seven years. The nature and extent of corrosion of glasses have been determined by characterizing the reacted glass surface with optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Alteration in 70 {degrees}C laboratory tests was compared to that which occurs at 150-200 {degrees}C and also with Hawaiian basaltic glasses of 480 to 750 year old subaerially altered in nature. Synthetic basalt and waste glasses, both containing about 50 percent wt SiO{sub 2} were found to react with water vapor to form an amorphous hydrated gel that contained small amounts of clay, nearly identical to palagonite layers formed on naturally altered basaltic glass. This result implies that the corrosion reaction in nature can be simulated with a vapor hydration test. These tests also provide a means for measuring the corrosion kinetics, which are difficult to determine by studying natural samples because alteration layers have often spelled off the samples and we have only limited knowledge of the conditions under which alteration occurred
Guided Modes in Negative Refractive Index Waveguides
We study linear guided waves propagating in a slab waveguide made of a
negative-refraction- index material, the so-called left-handed waveguide. We
reveal that the guided waves in left-handed waveguides possess a number of
peculiar properties, such as the absence of the fundamental modes, mode double
degeneracy, and sign-varying energy ux. In particular, we predict the existence
of novel types of guided waves with a dipole-vortex structure of the Pointing
vector.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Density functional study of Au (n=2-20) clusters: lowest-energy structures and electronic properties
We have investigated the lowest-energy structures and electronic properties
of the Au(n=2-20) clusters based on density functional theory (DFT) with
local density approximation. The small Au clusters adopt planar structures
up to n=6. Tabular cage structures are preferred in the range of n=10-14 and a
structural transition from tabular cage-like structure to compact
near-spherical structure is found around n=15. The most stable configurations
obtained for Au and Au clusters are amorphous instead of
icosahedral or fcc-like, while the electronic density of states sensitively
depend on the cluster geometry. Dramatic odd-even alternative behaviors are
obtained in the relative stability, HOMO-LUMO gaps and ionization potentials of
gold clusters. The size evolution of electronic properties is discussed and the
theoretical ionization potentials of Au clusters compare well with
experiments.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figure
Scaling behavior of the dipole coupling energy in two-dimensional disordered magnetic nanostructures
Numerical calculations of the average dipole-coupling energy in two-dimensional disordered magnetic nanostructures are
performed as function of the particle coverage . We observe that scales as with an
unusually small exponent --1.0 for coverages
. This behavior is shown to be primarly given by the
contributions of particle pairs at short distances, which is intrinsically
related to the presence of an appreciable degree of disorder. The value of
is found to be sensitive to the magnetic arrangement within the
nanostructure and to the degree of disorder. For large coverages
we obtain with , in agreement
with the straighforward scaling of the dipole coupling as in a periodic
particle setup. Taking into account the effect of single-particle anisotropies,
we show that the scaling exponent can be used as a criterion to distinguish
between weakly interacting () and strongly interacting
() particle ensembles as function of coverage.Comment: accepted for publication in Phys.Rev.
Unparticles-Higgs Interplay
We show that scalar unparticles coupled to the Standard Model Higgs at the
renormalizable level can have a dramatic impact in the breaking of the
electroweak symmetry already at tree level. In particular one can get the
proper electroweak scale without the need of a Higgs mass term in the
Lagrangian. By studying the mixed unparticle-Higgs propagator and spectral
function we also show how unparticles can shift the Higgs mass away from its
Standard Model value, \lambda v^2, and influence other Higgs boson properties.
Conversely, we study in some detail how electroweak symmetry breaking affects
the unparticle sector by breaking its conformal symmetry and generating a mass
gap. We also show that, for Higgs masses above that gap, unparticles can
increase quite significantly the Higgs width.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures, typos correcte
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