La peste porcina africana una grave amenaza para la industria porcina del país.

Se señalan las graves consecuencias que tiene para la industria porcina, la peste porcina africana, enfermedad viral, altamente contagiosa y que se caracteriza por manchas en la piel y hemorragias extensas de los órganos internos, especialmente en los ganglios linfáticos, riñones y tracto digestivo. La enfermedad alcanza una mortalidad hasta del 100 por ciento de los cerdos infectados. El sólo examen clínico no permite hacer un diagnóstico exacto de la enfermedad, cuyo período de incubación varía generalmente entre 1 a 10 días. Medidas sanitarias: todos los desperdicios de alimentos que se desembarquen procedentes del exterior, deberán ser sometidos a destrucción o esterilización, evitar la introducción de productos a base de carne de cerdo, cocer obligatoriamente los desperdicios de comida que se utilicen para alimentación de cerdos, los países infectados deben prohibir la salida de cerdos y sus subproductos, suspender la importación de cerdos salvajes para zoológicos, mantener vacunada la población porcina contra el cólera porcino, y, extremar las medidas de limpieza y desinfección en las porquerizas. Se afirma que el ICA está tomando todas las medidas preventivas posibles con el fin de evitar la introducción de la enfermedad a Colombi

Supersymmetry Breaking Vacua from M Theory Fivebranes

We consider intersecting brane configurations realizing N=2 supersymmetric gauge theories broken to N=1 by multitrace superpotentials, and softly to N=0. We analyze, in the framework of M5-brane wrapping a curve, the supersymmetric vacua and the analogs of spontaneous supersymmetry breaking and soft supersymmetry breaking in gauge theories. We show that the M5-brane does not exhibit the analog of metastable spontaneous supersymmetry breaking, and does not have non-holomorphic minimal volume curves with holomorphic boundary conditions. However, we find that any point in the N=2 moduli space can be rotated to a non-holomorphic minimal volume curve, whose boundary conditions break supersymmetry. We interpret these as the analogs of soft supersymmetry breaking vacua in the gauge theory.Comment: 32 pages, 8 figures, harvmac; v2: corrections in eq. 3.6 and in section 6, reference adde

Un flagelo de la ganadería en Colombia: la coccidiosis bovina.

La coccidiosis es una enfermedad parasitaria que puede afectar a varias especies animales (bovinos, ovinos, porcinos, caprinos, aves y otras), siendo los animales jóvenes los más susceptibles, produciendo en éstos, índices muy elevados de morbilidad y mortalidad. En Colombia, según estudios realizados por el ICA, se han reconocido 9 especies de coccidias, organismos unicelulares, clasificados como protozoarios. La Eimeria zurni es la especie de mayor poder patógeno y se encuentra localizada sobre todo en climas cálidos y templados. La acción patógena de las coccidias es directa por su localización y desarrollo principalmente en las células epiteliales del intestino y en la submucosa, con la consiguiente ruptura o destrucción de estas células, y en forma indirecta predisponiendo a los animales a afecciones por bacterias y virus. Las manifestaciones clínicas generales de la enfermedad son: decaimiento, inapetencia, diarrea de color variable, tenesmo o pujo, enflaquecimiento, anemia, debilidad general y, en casos extremos, la muerte. Las pruebas diagnósticas se basan en exámenes directos de la materia fecal mediante las técnicas de Sloss y McMaster. Se citan algunas medidas de prevención y control de la enfermeda

Finite reduction and Morse index estimates for mechanical systems

A simple version of exact finite dimensional reduction for the variational setting of mechanical systems is presented. It is worked out by means of a thorough global version of the implicit function theorem for monotone operators. Moreover, the Hessian of the reduced function preserves all the relevant information of the original one, by Schur's complement, which spontaneously appears in this context. Finally, the results are straightforwardly extended to the case of a Dirichlet problem on a bounded domain.Comment: 13 pages; v2: minor changes, to appear in Nonlinear Differential Equations and Application

Identification of 19-epi-okadaic Acid, a New Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning Toxin, by Liquid Chromatography with Mass Spectrometry Detection

Okadaic acid (1) (OA) and its congeners are mainly responsible for diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) syndrome. The presence of several OA derivatives have already been confirmed in Prorocentrum and Dinophysis spp. In this paper, we report on the detection and identification of a new DSP toxin, the OA isomer 19-epi-okadaic acid (2) (19-epi-OA), isolated from cultures of Prorocentrum belizeanum, by determining its retention time (RT) and fragmentation pattern using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS).Versión del editor3,471

Supersymmetric Field-Theoretic Models on a Supermanifold

We propose the extension of some structural aspects that have successfully been applied in the development of the theory of quantum fields propagating on a general spacetime manifold so as to include superfield models on a supermanifold. We only deal with the limited class of supermanifolds which admit the existence of a smooth body manifold structure. Our considerations are based on the Catenacci-Reina-Teofillatto-Bryant approach to supermanifolds. In particular, we show that the class of supermanifolds constructed by Bonora-Pasti-Tonin satisfies the criterions which guarantee that a supermanifold admits a Hausdorff body manifold. This construction is the closest to the physicist's intuitive view of superspace as a manifold with some anticommuting coordinates, where the odd sector is topologically trivial. The paper also contains a new construction of superdistributions and useful results on the wavefront set of such objects. Moreover, a generalization of the spectral condition is formulated using the notion of the wavefront set of superdistributions, which is equivalent to the requirement that all of the component fields satisfy, on the body manifold, a microlocal spectral condition proposed by Brunetti-Fredenhagen-K\"ohler.Comment: Final version to appear in J.Math.Phy

Geometrically Induced Phase Transitions at Large N

Utilizing the large N dual description of a metastable system of branes and anti-branes wrapping rigid homologous S^2's in a non-compact Calabi-Yau threefold, we study phase transitions induced by changing the positions of the S^2's. At leading order in 1/N the effective potential for this system is computed by the planar limit of an auxiliary matrix model. Beginning at the two loop correction, the degenerate vacuum energy density of the discrete confining vacua split, and a potential is generated for the axion. Changing the relative positions of the S^2's causes discrete jumps in the energetically preferred confining vacuum and can also obstruct direct brane/anti-brane annihilation processes. The branes must hop to nearby S^2's before annihilating, thus significantly increasing the lifetime of the corresponding non-supersymmetric vacua. We also speculate that misaligned metastable glueball phases may generate a repulsive inter-brane force which stabilizes the radial mode present in compact Calabi-Yau threefolds.Comment: 47 pages, 7 figure

Meta-Stable Brane Configurations by Adding an Orientifold-Plane to Giveon-Kutasov

In hep-th/0703135, they have found the type IIA intersecting brane configuration where there exist three NS5-branes, D4-branes and anti-D4-branes. By analyzing the gravitational interaction for the D4-branes in the background of the NS5-branes, the phase structures in different regions of the parameter space were studied in the context of classical string theory. In this paper, by adding the orientifold 4-plane and 6-plane to the above brane configuration, we describe the intersecting brane configurations of type IIA string theory corresponding to the meta-stable nonsupersymmetric vacua of these gauge theories.Comment: 21 pp, 6 figures; reduced bytes of figures, DBI action analysis added and to appear in JHE