Multi-ancestry study of blood lipid levels identifies four loci interacting with physical activity

Many genetic loci affect circulating lipid levels, but it remains unknown whether lifestyle factors, such as physical activity, modify these genetic effects. To identify lipid loci interacting with physical activity, we performed genome-wide analyses of circulating HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels in up to 120,979 individuals of European, African, Asian, Hispanic, and Brazilian ancestry, with follow-up of suggestive associations in an additional 131,012 individuals. We find four loci, in/near CLASP1, LHX1, SNTA1, and CNTNAP2, that are associated with circulating lipid levels through interaction with physical activity; higher levels of physical activity enhance the HDL cholesterol-increasing effects of the CLASP1, LHX1, and SNTA1 loci and attenuate the LDL cholesterol- increasing effect of the CNTNAP2 locus. The CLASP1, LHX1, and SNTA1 regions harbor genes linked to muscle function and lipid metabolism. Our results elucidate the role of physical activity interactions in the genetic contribution to blood lipid levels

A century of trends in adult human height

Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5-22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3-19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8-144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries

Sistema de classificação de pacientes: construção e validação de um instrumento Patient classification system: construction and validation of an instrument

Este estudo teve por finalidade a construção e validação de um instrumento para classificação de pacientes baseado nas necessidades individualizadas de cuidado de enfermagem. Para compor o instrumento foram considerados 13 indicadores críticos : Estado Mental e Nível de Consciência, Oxigenação, Sinais Vitais, Nutrição e Hidratação, Motilidade, Locomoção, Cuidado Corporal, Eliminações, Terapêutica, Educação à Saúde, Comportamento, Comunicação e Integridade Cutâneo-Mucosa. Cada um desses indicadores possui gradação de 1 à 5, apontando a intensidade crescente da complexidade assistencial. O paciente é classificado em todos os indicadores em um dos 5 níveis, na opção que melhor descreva a sua situação. Para validação do conteúdo foi aplicada a Técnica Delphi em 2 fases. Participaram como juízes 15 profissionais da área de enfermagem que atuam junto a instituições de assistência ou vinculados a Hospital Escola na cidade de São José do Rio Preto. Os resultados obtidos mostraram concordância dos juízes quanto a : manutenção dos 13 indicadores críticos no instrumento; pertinência e clareza do conteúdo dos indicadores críticos e a existência de nível de complexidade assistencial crescente.<br>This study had in its aim the construction and the validation of a patient classification instrument which has been based on the patient's individual necessities that require the nursing care. It was considered in the instrument 13 critical indicators : Mental State and Level of Conciousness, Breathing, Vital Signs, Nutrition and Hydration, Movement, Locomotion, Corporeal Hygiene, Eliminations, Therapy, Health Teaching, Behavior, Communication and Skin. Integrety. Each one of these indicators ha, a 1 to 5 gradation denoting an increasing level in the nursing care complexity. The patient is classified in all the indicators in one of the five levels, in the option that better describes his/her situation. The'content validation of the instrument was done by the Delphi Tecnique aplication through 2 rounds. A team of 15 nursing experts who attend patients or teach in the Medical School in São José do Rio Preto were participants in this research. The obtained results have showed the experts' agreement concerned to : the maintenance of the 13 critical indicators in the instrument; property and intelligibility of the critical indicator contents and the presence of an increasing level in the nursing care complexity