72 research outputs found
Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of Nanoindentation of Viral Capsids
Recent Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) nanoindentation experiments measuring
mechanical response of the protein shells of viruses have provided a
quantitative description of their strength and elasticity. To better understand
and interpret these measurements, and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms,
this paper adopts a course-grained modeling approach within the framework of
three-dimensional nonlinear continuum elasticity. Homogeneous, isotropic,
elastic, thick shell models are proposed for two capsids: the spherical Cowpea
Chlorotic Mottle Virus (CCMV), and the ellipsocylindrical bacteriophage . As analyzed by the finite element method, these models enable parametric
characterization of the effects of AFM tip geometry, capsid dimensions, and
capsid constitutive descriptions. The generally nonlinear force response of
capsids to indentation is shown to be insensitive to constitutive details, and
greatly influenced by geometry. Nonlinear stiffening and softening of the force
response is dependent on the AFM tip dimensions and shell thickness. Fits of
the models capture the roughly linear behavior observed in experimental
measurements and result in estimates of Young's moduli of 280--360 MPa
for CCMV and 4.5 GPa for .Comment: 24 pages, 10 figures, submitted to Biophysical Journa
Type-specific serologic diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infection, based on a synthetic peptide of the attachment protein G
The increase in seroprevalence of bluetongue virus (BTV) serotype 8 infections and associated risk factors in Dutch dairy herds, in 2007
Teste imunoenzimático com base em anticorpo monoclonal para a detecção de anticorpos contra os herpesvÃrus bovino tipos 1 e 5
Experimental infection of rabbits with a recombinant bovine herpesvirus type 5 (BoHV-5) gI, gE and US9-negative
De structurele menselijke ooglenseiwitten en seniele nucleaire cataract
Contains fulltext :
mmubn000001_207009848.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)Promotores : H. Hoenders en H. Bloemendal117 p
Critical factors affecting the diagnostic reliability of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay formats
This paper aims to evaluate different formats of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for detection of virus-specific antibodies and focuses on factors that may influence the diagnostic reliability of such tests. Newly developed and well-established ELISAs for detection of infections of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV1), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), classical swine fever virus (CSFV), pseudorabies virus (PRV) and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) are used as examples. Differences between competitive and non-competitive ELISAs are described, with special reference to the influence of the antigen, the conjugated antibody and the test sample on the test results. Attention is drawn to interference, which may result in false positive or false negative test results, with special emphasis on the 'bridging' phenomenon. The use of monoclonal antibodies and discriminatory tests are briefly discussed. Diagnostic reliability is described for tests that are used in monitoring or eradication programmes, emphasising the consequences of false negative and false positive test results. Finally, reducing assay-time and functional quality control for such tests are discussed
Critical factors affecting the diagnostic reliability of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay formats
This paper aims to evaluate different formats of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for detection of virus-specific antibodies and focuses on factors that may influence the diagnostic reliability of such tests. Newly developed and well-established ELISAs for detection of infections of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV1), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), classical swine fever virus (CSFV), pseudorabies virus (PRV) and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) are used as examples. Differences between competitive and non-competitive ELISAs are described, with special reference to the influence of the antigen, the conjugated antibody and the test sample on the test results. Attention is drawn to interference, which may result in false positive or false negative test results, with special emphasis on the 'bridging' phenomenon. The use of monoclonal antibodies and discriminatory tests are briefly discussed. Diagnostic reliability is described for tests that are used in monitoring or eradication programmes, emphasising the consequences of false negative and false positive test results. Finally, reducing assay-time and functional quality control for such tests are discussed
Validation, standardization and control of ELISA techniques for the diagnosis of the infectious diseases in veterinary medicine
Public health awareness of emerging zoonotic viruses of bats: A European perspective
Bats classified in the order Chiroptera are the most abundant and widely distributed non-human mammalian species in the world. Several bat species are reservoir hosts of zoonotic viruses and therefore can be a public health hazard. Lyssaviruses of different genotypes have emerged from bats in America (Genotype 1 rabies virus; RABV), Europe (European bat lyssavirus; EBLV), and Australia (Australian bat lyssavirus; ABLV), whereas Nipah virus is the most important recent zoonosis of bat origin in Asia. Furthermore, some insectivorous bat species may be important reservoirs of SARS coronavirus, whereas Ebola virus has been detected in some megachiropteran fruit bats. Thus far, European bat lyssavirus (EBLV) is the only zoonotic virus that has been detected in bats in Europe. New zoonotic viruses may emerge from bat reservoirs and known ones may spread to a wider geographical range. To assess future threats posed by zoonotic viruses of bats, there is a need for accurate knowledge of the factors underlying disease emergence, for an effective surveillance programme, and for a rapid response system. In Europe, primary efforts should be focussed on the implementation of effective passive and active surveillance systems for EBLVs in the Serotine bat, Eptesicus serotinus, and Myotis species (i.e., M. daubentonii and M. dasycneme) Apart from that, detection methods for zoonotic viruses that may emerge from bats should be implemented. Analyses of data from surveillance studies can shed more light on the dynamics of bat viruses, (i.e., population persistence of viruses in bats). Subsequently, studies will have to be performed to assess the public health hazards of such viruses (i.e., infectivity and risk of infection to people). With the knowledge generated from this kind of research, a rapid response system can be set up to enhance public health awareness of emerging zoonotic viruses of bats
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