Jorge A. Swieca's contributions to quantum field theory in the 60s and 70s and their relevance in present research

After revisiting some high points of particle physics and QFT of the two decades from 1960 to 1980, I comment on the work by Jorge Andre Swieca. I explain how it fits into the quantum field theory during these two decades and draw attention to its relevance to the ongoing particle physics research. A particular aim of this article is to direct thr readers mindfulness to the relevance of what at the time of Swieca was called "the Schwinger Higgs screening mechanism". which, together with recent ideas which generalize the concept of gauge theories, has all the ingredients to revolutionize the issue of gauge theories and the standard model.Comment: 49 pages, expansion and actualization of text, improvement of formulations and addition of many references to be published in EPJH - Historical Perspectives on Contemporary Physic

Different subtypes of carcinoma in situ of the bladder do not have a different prognosis

Item does not contain fulltextUrothelial carcinoma in situ (CIS) is a high-grade lesion with different subtypes (large cell pleomorphic (LCP), large cell nonpleomorphic (LC), small cell and clinging (CL)). We explored the frequency of different subtypes in primary CIS and compared different patterns with outcome. We explored whether subtyping of CIS leads to a change in therapy and/or follow-up and should be formally reported. We included 39 patients with a primary CIS and divided them into two groups: one with LPC/LG and one with CL elements. Other subtypes did not exist or occurred only as a mixture. Patient age ranged from 36 to 80 years (mean, 63 years). Twenty had a primary CIS with one single subtype. LCP was predominant with 16 (41 %) cases; the second most important subtype was the CL with four (10 %) cases. Mean follow-up was 26.4 months, (range, 4-100 months). Thirteen patients developed a >/= pT2 carcinoma. When progression of the different subtypes was examined, no statistical significance was found between mixed forms (p = 0.9437) nor between pure forms (p = 0.744 and p = 0.5955, respectively). Pathologists need not include different subtypes of primary CIS in their report as there is no difference in patient outcomes. It is important to recognize all different subtypes as CIS for best patient treatment