Status of the phasing out of the Chamber of Mines of South Africa Certificates of Competency

The Chamber of Mines of South Africa (CoMSA) Certificates of Competency (CoCs) were introduced to standardize stand-alone in-house qualifications for persons working in the South African Mining and Minerals Industries (SAM&MS). When the Higher Education Qualification Framework (HEQF) Act was introduced in 2007, one of the unintended consequences was that it implied that CoMSA could no longer issue its OBET non-compliant CoCs. In response to these developments, the intention was to phase out CoMSA CoCs by establishing a deadline for the last entry for new candidates into the CoMSA CoC system at 31 August 2015, before it was finally recognized that these changes would have a wider impact in the SAM&MS involving mine environmental control (MEC), rock engineering (RE), mine surveying, and other disciplines. Three institutes, namely the Institute of Mine Surveyors of South Africa (IMSSA), the South African National Institute for Rock Engineers (SANIRE), and the Mine Ventilation Society of South Africa (MVSSA) made a combined representation, and it was agreed that the said deadline could be extended to 31 August 2018. This means that the complete suite of 'new' (Outcomes Based Education and Training [OBET])-compliant qualifications must be registered on the appropriate level of the National Qualifications Framework and sub-frameworks by the South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA), and implemented by approved education and training providers and accredited by the respective Quality Councils (QCs). In the case of the South African Mining and Mineral Sector (SAM&MS) the Mining Qualifications Authority (MQA), being the custodian of qualifications for the SAM&MS in terms of Section 41,(3) of the Mine Health and Safety Act 1995 (MHSA), Act 27 of 1995 and Regulations as amended, supported by the relevant professional associations (PAs) will apply to the relevant QC to be appointed as Development Quality Partner (QDP) and/or Quality Assessment Partner (AQP) to develop, implement and quality assure (QA) 'mining-technical related' qualifications. The application process to have an OBET-compliant qualification developed and registered on the NQF is tenuous at best, and it is anticipated that a minimum of two years will be required to achieve this for one level of Quality Council for Trades and Occupations (QCTO)-compliant qualifications. The positive spin-off of this crisis is that 'learned societies' and PAs active in the SAM&Ms were drawn into the development and implementation of a range of recognized OBET-compliant occupational qualifications required to develop the knowledge and skills needed in the Industry. This paper outlines the requirements for such qualifications and outlines the progress made towards the development and implementation thereof.http://www.saimm.co.za/journal-papersam2018Mining Engineerin

Evaluacija inovativno digitalno kontroliranog Er:YAG lasera u liječenju leukoplakije - probno istraživanje

The use of lasers for treatment of oral leukoplakia has gained a lot of interest in the past years, however, data on the use of Er:YAG laser are scarce. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of Er:YAG laser and 1% topical isotretinoin in the treatment of 27 oral leukoplakia patients. Er:YAG laser (LightWalker AT, Fotona, Slovenia) was used in 27 patients with 27 leukoplakia lesions. Postoperative pain was assessed by use of visual analog scale (VAS), and the impact of laser treatment on the quality of life was assessed by the OHIP-14 questionnaire (Croatian version). Control group consisted of the same 27 patients previously treated with 1% topical isotretionin three times a day during the period of one year. No improvement in the size of leukoplakia lesions was observed after treatment with topical isotretinoin. There were significant differences between men and women according to leukoplakia localization, number of laser sessions and VAS (p<0.05). At follow-up after six months and one year, there was no recurrence of lesions. Er:YAG laser is a successful treatment for oral leukoplakia. Topical isotretionin treatment is unsuccessful in patients with oral leukoplakia.Posljednjih godina postoji veliko zanimanje za upotrebu lasera u liječenju oralne leukoplakije, ali su podatci o upotrebi Er:YAG lasera malobrojni. Cilj ovoga istraživanja bio je usporediti učinak Er:YAG lasera i 1%-tnog topikalnog izotretinoina u liječenju 27 bolesnika s oralnom leukoplakijom. Er:YAG laser (LightWalker AT, Fotona, Slovenia) je korišten u 27 bolesnika s 27 leukoplakičnih lezija. Poslijeoperacijska bol je određena uz pomoć vizualne analogne ljestvice (visual analog scale, VAS), a utjecaj na kvalitetu života mjeren je pomoću upitnika OHIP-14 (hrvatska verzija). Kontrolna skupina se sastojala od istih 27 bolesnika koji su prije toga liječeni 1%-tnim topikalnim izotretioninom tri puta na dan tijekom tri mjeseca. Nije bilo poboljšanja u veličini lezija leukoplakije nakon topikalno primijenjenog izotretinoina. Utvrđene su značajne razlike između muškaraca i žena s obzirom na lokalizaciju leukoplakije, broj laserskih zahvata i rezultata VAS (p<0,05). Šest mjeseci i godinu dana od laserskog zahvata nije bilo recidiva oralne leukoplakije. Er:YAG laser je uspješna terapija u liječenju oralne leukoplakije. Topikalna primjena izotretionina nije uspješna u liječenju oralne leukoplakije

Risk factors for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) death in a population cohort study from the Western Cape Province, South Africa

BACKGROUND. Risk factors for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) death in sub-Saharan Africa and the effects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis on COVID-19 outcomes are unknown. METHODS. We conducted a population cohort study using linked data from adults attending public-sector health facilities in the Western Cape, South Africa. We used Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for age, sex, location, and comorbidities, to examine the associations between HIV, tuberculosis, and COVID-19 death from 1 March to 9 June 2020 among (1) public-sector “active patients” (≥1 visit in the 3 years before March 2020); (2) laboratory-diagnosed COVID-19 cases; and (3) hospitalized COVID-19 cases. We calculated the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for COVID-19, comparing adults living with and without HIV using modeled population estimates. RESULTS. Among 3 460 932 patients (16% living with HIV), 22 308 were diagnosed with COVID-19, of whom 625 died. COVID- 19 death was associated with male sex, increasing age, diabetes, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease. HIV was associated with COVID-19 mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.70–2.70), with similar risks across strata of viral loads and immunosuppression. Current and previous diagnoses of tuberculosis were associated with COVID-19 death (aHR, 2.70 [95% CI, 1.81–4.04] and 1.51 [95% CI, 1.18–1.93], respectively). The SMR for COVID-19 death associated with HIV was 2.39 (95% CI, 1.96–2.86); population attributable fraction 8.5% (95% CI, 6.1–11.1). CONCLUSIONS. While our findings may overestimate HIV- and tuberculosis-associated COVID-19 mortality risks due to residual confounding, both living with HIV and having current tuberculosis were independently associated with increased COVID-19 mortality. The associations between age, sex, and other comorbidities and COVID-19 mortality were similar to those in other settings.The Western Cape Provincial Health Data Centre from the Western Cape Department of Health, the US National Institutes for Health (grant numbers R01 HD0804, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the United States Agency for International Development and the Wellcome Trust.https://academic.oup.com/cid/am2023Veterinary Tropical Disease

The relationship between plaque index scores, fluoride content of plaque, plaque pH, dental caries experience and fluoride concentration in drinking water in a group of primary school children.

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between fluoride in drinking water, plaque and dental caries experience in a sample of primary school children from a fruit farming (mainly grapes) area. The children who qualified for the study (n = 177) were placed into three groups according to the concentration of fluoride in their drinking water namely, less than 0.4 ppm (group A), between 0.4 and 1.6 ppm (group B) and more than 1.6 ppm (group C). Most children (78.5%) did not have a toothbrush. Plaque scores were significantly lower in groups B and C. A statistically significant inverse correlation was observed between plaque scores and fluoride content of plaque (p 0.05) and permanent teeth (DMFT = 1.22; 1.43; 1.38) (p > 0.05). Paradoxically, there was also no significant inverse correlation between dental caries experience and fluoride concentration in drinking water. However, the significant inverse correlation between fluoride content of plaque and caries experience supports the contention that fluoride can be accumulated in plaque and act as a reservoir which provides prolonged elevated levels of fluoride to produce a cariostatic effect. It is postulated that the high fluoride levels in the plaque reservoir is responsible for the relatively low caries experience, the significant differences in caries experience between the groups and the poor correlation between dental caries experience and fluoride concentration in drinking water.Articl

SUNSAT - Launch and First Six Month\u27s Orbital Performance

South Africa\u27s first satellite, SUNSAT, has been operating in orbit since a NASA-sponsored launch on the USA Air Force P91-1 Argos Delta II mission on February 23, 1999. SUNSAT is a graduate studentdeveloped satellite from the University of Stellenbosch in South Africa, and includes a NASA GPS receiver for occultation research, laser reflectors, magnetometers, star cameras, Amateur Radio communications, and a 15-m resolution, 3456 pixel, 3-band, stereo-capable push broom imager. SUNSAT is controlled from the University, and most functions were operating in June 1999. Live PAL TV earth images are received well at Stellenbosch on a 4.5 m diameter antenna, and good quality test images from the 15m imager have been obtained. As OSCAR- 35 (SO-35), SUNSATs Amateur Radio FM audio transponders provided strong signals on scheduled passes over South Africa and the USA