Inelastic J/ΨJ/\Psi Photoproduction off Nuclei: Gluon Enhancement or Double Color Exchange?

The nuclear enhancement observed in inelastic photoproduction of $J/\Psi$ should not be interpreted as evidence for an increased gluon density in nuclei. The nuclear suppression of the production rate due to initial and final state interactions is calculated and a novel two-step color exchange process is proposed, which is able to explain the data.Comment: Latex file, 23 pages including 5 Postscript figure

Rigorous electromagnetic analysis of a microcylindrical axilens with long focal depth and high transverse resolution

We first present nonparaxial designs for a microcylindrical axilens with different long focal depths and rigorously analyze electromagnetic field distributions of the axilens using integral equations and the boundary-element method. Numerical results show that the designed axilenses indeed have the special feature of attaining a long focal depth while keeping high transverse resolution for numerical apertures of 2.4, 2.0, and 1.0. The ratio between the extended focal depth of the designed axilens and the focal depth of the conventional focal lens is 1.41, the corresponding maximal extended focal depth of the axilens can reach 28 μm, and the spot size of the focal beam is ∼10 μm over the focal range. © 2001 Optical Society of America.published_or_final_versio

Buy Now and Price Later: Supply Contracts with Time-Consistent Mean-Variance Financial Hedging

We consider a two-stage supply chain comprising one risk-neutral manufacturer (he) and one risk-averse retailer (she), where the manufacturer procures consumption commodities in spot market as major inputs for production and sells the final products to the retailer. The retailer then sells the final products to the market at a stochastic clearance price. We investigate a flexible price contract that allows the manufacturer to determine the product wholesale price, and the retailer to determine the order quantity, based on the future spot price of consumption commodities. Compared with the simple wholesale price contract, a win-win situation can be achieved under the flexible price contract when the manufacturer's postponed processing cost is lower than a threshold. However, under this flexible price contract the retailer may suffer from the commodity price volatility, even if she does not procure the commodities directly. We further investigate how the risk-averse retailer conducts mean-variance financial hedging by purchasing consumption commodity futures contracts. We formulate the problem using a dynamic programming model and derive a closed-form time-consistent financial hedging policy. Through numerical experiments, we show that the commodity price risk from the manufacturer to the retailer is effectively mitigated with the hedging, and the benefits of the flexible price contract are maintained

Molecular analysis of the microbial community structures in water-flooding petroleum reservoirs with different temperatures

published_or_final_versio

ITPKA expression is a novel prognostic factor in hepatocellular carcinoma

published_or_final_versio

The fundamental problem of command : plan and compliance in a partially centralised economy

When a principal gives an order to an agent and advances resources for its implementation, the temptations for the agent to shirk or steal from the principal rather than comply constitute the fundamental problem of command. Historically, partially centralised command economies enforced compliance in various ways, assisted by nesting the fundamental problem of exchange within that of command. The Soviet economy provides some relevant data. The Soviet command system combined several enforcement mechanisms in an equilibrium that shifted as agents learned and each mechanism's comparative costs and benefits changed. When the conditions for an equilibrium disappeared, the system collapsed.Comparative Economic Studies (2005) 47, 296–314. doi:10.1057/palgrave.ces.810011

Can you trust clinical practice guidelines for laparoscopic surgery? A systematic review of clinical practice guidelines for laparoscopic surgery

BACKGROUND: Clinical practice guidelines aim to support clinicians in providing clinical care and should be supported by evidence. There is currently no information on whether clinical practice guidelines in laparoscopic surgery are supported by evidence. METHODS: We performed a systematic review and identified clinical practice guidelines of laparoscopic surgery published in PubMed and Embase between March 2016 and February 2019. We performed an independent assessment of the strength of recommendation based on the evidence provided by the guideline authors. We used the 'Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation II' (AGREE-II) Tool's 'rigour of development', 'clarity of presentation', and 'editorial independence' domains to assess the quality of the guidelines. We performed a mixed-effects generalised linear regression modelling. RESULTS: We retrieved 63 guidelines containing 1905 guideline statements. The median proportion of 'difference in rating' of strength of recommendation between the guideline authors and independent assessment was 33.3% (quartiles: 18.3%, 55.8%). The 'rigour of development' domain score (odds ratio 0.06; 95% confidence intervals 0.01-0.48 per unit increase in rigour score; P value = 0.0071) and whether the strength of recommendation was 'strong' by independent evaluation (odds ratio 0.09 (95% confidence intervals 0.06-0.13; P value < 0.001) were the only determinants of difference in rating between the guideline authors and independent evaluation. CONCLUSION: A considerable proportion of guideline statements in clinical practice guidelines in laparoscopic surgery are not supported by evidence. Guideline authors systematically overrated the strength of the recommendation (i.e., even when the evidence points to weak recommendation, guideline authors made strong recommendations)

Effet de la mélasse sur l’ingestion et la digestibilité des chaumes de maïs traités à 28% de fientes de poules chez les petits ruminants

L’étude de l’effet de différents niveaux de mélasse sur l’ingestion et la digestibilité in vivo des chaumes de maïs traités aux fientes de poules chez les petits ruminants a été menée entre septembre 2012 et septembre 2013, à l’Université de Dschang. Neuf (9) brebis Djallonké et neuf (9) chèvres naines de Guinée âgées entre 12 et 24 mois et de poids moyen 18,96±2,48 et 17,53±0,49 kg respectivement ont été utilisées. Pour chaque espèce, les animaux ont été répartis en trois lots de trois animaux et logées chacun dans des cages métaboliques suivant un dispositif complètement randomisé. Les périodes d’adaptation et de collecte de données étaient respectivement de 8 et 6 jours. Après l’adaptation, chaque animal recevait 700 g/j de chaumes de maïs traités à 28% de fientes de poules associés à 0% de mélasse (CM28+M0) pour le lot 1 ; 5% de mélasse (CM28+M5) pour le lot 2 et 10% de mélasse (CM28+M10) pour le lot 3. Les échantillons de 100 g de chaque ration, des fèces et 100 ml d’urine ont été collectés pour les analyses de la  composition chimique et l’évaluation des ingestions et digestibilités. Les résultats de cette étude montrent que les teneurs en matière organique et glucides totaux des chaumes de maïs traités à 28% de fientes de poules ont augmenté avec le niveau croissant de l’ajout de mélasse. La matière azotée digestible a été plus élevée avec la ration CM28+M5. Les ingestions de matière sèche et de matière organique ont été significativement (p&lt;0,05) plus élevées chez les moutons avec la ration CM28+M5. La digestibilité de la MS (46,2%) a été plus élevée chez le mouton nourri à la ration CM28+M5. Elle est cependant restée comparable à celle de la ration contenant 10% de mélasse. Chez la chèvre, les digestibilités des  différentes rations ont été comparables. L’azote ingéré et l’azote retenu ont été significativement (p&lt;0,05) plus élevés chez le mouton (3,99g/j) avec la ration CM28+M5 et avec la ration CM28+M10 chez les chèvres (1,13 g/j). Les digestibilités de l’azote les plus élevées chez la chèvre (61,1%) et chez le mouton (57,4%) ont été obtenues avec la ration CM28+M5 sans qu’aucune différence significative (p&lt;0,05) ne soit observée. L’ajout de 5% de mélasse a permis une meilleure ingestion chez les moutons et une meilleure utilisation digestive des chaumes de maïs chez les chèvres.Mots clés: Chaumes, digestibilité, fientes de poules, mélasse, petits ruminants

Glauber theory of initial- and final-state interactions in (p,2p) scattering

We develop the Glauber theory description of initial- and final-state interactions (IFSI) in quasielastic A(p,2p) scattering. We study the IFSI-distortion effects both for the inclusive and exclusive conditions. In inclusive reaction the important new effect is an interaction between the two sets of the trajectories which enter the calculation of IFSI-distorted one-body density matrix for inclusive (p,2p) scattering and are connected with incoherent elastic rescatterings of the initial and final protons on spectator nucleons. We demonstrate that IFSI-distortions of the missing momentum distribution are large over the whole range of missing momentum both for inclusive and exclusive reactions and affect in a crucial way the interpretation of the BNL data on (p,2p) scattering. Our numerical results show that in the region of missing momentum p_{m}\lsim 100-150 MeV/c the incoherent IFSI increase nuclear transparency by 5-10\%. The incoherent IFSI become dominant at p_{m}\gsim 200 MeV/c.Comment: Accepted in Z. Phys.A, Latex, 26 pages, uuencoded 9 figure

CD68 and interleukin 13, prospective immune markers for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma prognosis prediction

published_or_final_versio