95,381 research outputs found
Shareholder Voting and Directors’ Remuneration Report Legislation: Say on Pay in the U.K. (CRI 2009-004)
This paper investigates shareholder voting in the UK. The Directors’ Remuneration Report (DRR) Regulations of 2002 gave shareholders a mandatory non-binding vote on boardroom pay. First, using data on about 50,000 resolutions over the period 2002 to 2007 we find that less than 10% of shareholders abstain or vote against the mandated Directors’ Remuneration Report (DRR) resolution. Second, investors are more likely to vote against DRR resolutions compared to non-pay resolutions. Third, shareholders are more likely to vote against general executive pay resolutions, such as stock options, long term incentive plans and bonus resolutions compared to non-pay resolutions. Forth, firms with higher CEO pay attract greater voting dissent. Fifth, there is little evidence that CEO pay is lower in firms that previously experienced high levels of shareholder dissent. In addition, there is little evidence that the equity pay-mix, representing better owner-manager alignment, is greater in such firms. Currently, we find limited evidence that, on average, ‘say on pay’ materially alters the subsequent level and design of CEO compensation
Lattice-Spin Mechanism in Colossal Magnetoresistant Manganites
We present a single-orbital double-exchange model, coupled with cooperative
phonons (the so called breathing-modes of the oxygen octahedra in manganites).
The model is studied with Monte Carlo simulations. For a finite range of doping
and coupling constants, a first-order Metal-Insulator phase transition is
found, that coincides with the Paramagnetic-Ferromagnetic phase transition. The
insulating state is due to the self-trapping of every carrier within an oxygen
octahedron distortion.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, ReVTeX macro, accepted for publication in PR
Long- and short-time asymptotics of the first-passage time of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck and other mean-reverting processes
The first-passage problem of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process to a boundary is
a long-standing problem with no known closed-form solution except in specific
cases. Taking this as a starting-point, and extending to a general
mean-reverting process, we investigate the long- and short-time asymptotics
using a combination of Hopf-Cole and Laplace transform techniques. As a result
we are able to give a single formula that is correct in both limits, as well as
being exact in certain special cases. We demonstrate the results using a
variety of other models
Planets Transiting Non-Eclipsing Binaries
The majority of binary stars do not eclipse. Current searches for transiting
circumbinary planets concentrate on eclipsing binaries, and are therefore
restricted to a small fraction of potential hosts. We investigate the concept
of finding planets transiting non-eclipsing binaries, whose geometry would
require mutually inclined planes. Using an N-body code we explore how the
number and sequence of transits vary as functions of observing time and orbital
parameters. The concept is then generalised thanks to a suite of simulated
circumbinary systems. Binaries are constructed from RV surveys of the solar
neighbourhood. They are then populated with orbiting gas giants, drawn from a
range of distributions. The binary population is shown to be compatible with
the Kepler eclipsing binary catalogue, indicating that the properties of
binaries may be as universal as the initial mass function. These synthetic
systems produce transiting circumbinary planets occurring on both eclipsing and
non-eclipsing binaries. Simulated planets transiting eclipsing binaries are
compared with published Kepler detections. We obtain 1) that planets transiting
non-eclipsing binaries probably exist in the Kepler data, 2) that observational
biases alone cannot account for the observed over-density of circumbinary
planets near the stability limit, implying a physical pile-up, and 3) that the
distributions of gas giants orbiting single and binary stars are likely
different. Estimating the frequency of circumbinary planets is degenerate with
the spread in mutual inclination. Only a minimum occurrence rate can be
produced, which we find to be compatible with 9%. Searching for inclined
circumbinary planets may significantly increase the population of known objects
and will test our conclusions. Their existence, or absence, will reveal the
true occurrence rate and help develop circumbinary planet formation theories.Comment: 19 pages, 14 figures, accepted August 2014 to A&A, minor changes to
previous arXiv versio
Comparison of a linear and a nonlinear washout for motion simulators utilizing objective and subjective data from CTOL transport landing approaches
Objective and subjective data gathered in the processes of comparing a linear and a nonlinear washout for motion simulators reveal that there is no difference in the pilot performance measurements used during instrument landing system (ILS) approaches with a Boeing 737 conventional takeoff and landing (CTOL) airplane between fixed base, linear washout, and nonlinear washout operations. However, the subjective opinions of the pilots reveal an important advance in motion cue presentation. The advance is not in the increased cue available over a linear filter for the same amount of motion base travel but rather in the elimination of false rotational rate cues presented by linear filters
Evaluation of a linear washout for simulator motion cue presentation during landing approach
The comparison of a fixed-base versus a five-degree-of-freedom motion base simulation of a 737 conventional take-off and landing (CTOL) aircraft performing instrument landing system (ILS) landing approaches was used to evaluate a linear motion washout technique. The fact that the pilots felt that the addition of motion increased the pilot workload and this increase was not reflected in the objective data results, indicates that motion cues, as presented, are not a contributing factor to root-mean-square (rms) performance during the landing approach task. Subjective results from standard maneuvering about straight-and-level flight for specific motion cue evaluation revealed that the longitudinal channels (pitch and surge) possibly the yaw channel produce acceptable motions. The roll cue representation, involving both roll and sway channels, was found to be inadequate for large roll inputs, as used for example, in turn entries
Dispersion Relation Bounds for pi pi Scattering
Axiomatic principles such as analyticity, unitarity and crossing symmetry
constrain the second derivative of the pi pi scattering amplitudes in some
channels to be positive in a region of the Mandelstam plane. Since this region
lies in the domain of validity of chiral perturbation theory, we can use these
positivity conditions to bound linear combinations of \bar{l}_1 and \bar{l}_2.
We compare our predictions with those derived previously in the literature
using similar methods. We compute the one-loop pi pi scattering amplitude in
the linear sigma model (LSM) using the MS-bar scheme, a result hitherto absent
in the literature. The LSM values for \bar{l}_1 and \bar{l}_2 violate the
bounds for small values of m_sigma/m_pi. We show how this can occur, while
still being consistent with the axiomatic principles.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures. Two references added, a few minor changes.
Published versio
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