Comparing PyMorph and SDSS photometry. II. The differences are more than semantics and are not dominated by intracluster light

The Sloan Digital Sky Survey pipeline photometry underestimates the brightnesses of the most luminous galaxies. This is mainly because (i) the SDSS overestimates the sky background and (ii) single or two-component Sersic-based models better fit the surface brightness profile of galaxies, especially at high luminosities, than does the de Vaucouleurs model used by the SDSS pipeline. We use the PyMorph photometric reductions to isolate effect (ii) and show that it is the same in the full sample as in small group environments, and for satellites in the most massive clusters as well. None of these are expected to be significantly affected by intracluster light (ICL). We only see an additional effect for centrals in the most massive halos, but we argue that even this is not dominated by ICL. Hence, for the vast majority of galaxies, the differences between PyMorph and SDSS pipeline photometry cannot be ascribed to the semantics of whether or not one includes the ICL when describing the stellar mass of massive galaxies. Rather, they likely reflect differences in star formation or assembly histories. Failure to account for the SDSS underestimate has significantly biased most previous estimates of the SDSS luminosity and stellar mass functions, and therefore Halo Model estimates of the z ~ 0.1 relation between the mass of a halo and that of the galaxy at its center. We also show that when one studies correlations, at fixed group mass, with a quantity which was not used to define the groups, then selection effects appear. We show why such effects arise, and should not be mistaken for physical effects.Comment: 15 pages, 17 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS. The PyMorph luminosities and stellar masses are available at https://www.physics.upenn.edu/~ameert/SDSS_PhotDec

Studies on immunocytochemical localization of inhibin-like material in human prostatic tissue: comparison of its distribution in normal, benign and malignant prostates.

A specific antiserum has been generated against inhibin-like material (ILM) of prostatic origin. Using the immunoperoxidase technique, localization of ILM has been examined in a total of 114 prostates including normal (4 specimens), malignant (46) and hyperplastic (55) tissues. ILM positive immunocytochemical reactions were confined to the cytoplasm and not the nucleus of the prostatic acinar cells in the three categories of prostate, whereas the stroma showed negative reactions. The intensity of positive reactions decreased in the following order: Hyperplasia, incidental and moderately differentiated carcinomas, poorly differentiated carcinomas, whereas metaplasia and granulomatous prostatitis gave negative reactions for ILM. Using this experimental protocol, 200 non-prostatic tissue were found to be completely negative, demonstrating the specificity of the test for prostatic epithelium. These findings indicate a potential use of ILM as a marker of prostatic tissue

The high mass end of the stellar mass function: Dependence on stellar population models and agreement between fits to the light profile

We quantify the systematic effects on the stellar mass function which arise from assumptions about the stellar population, as well as how one fits the light profiles of the most luminous galaxies at z ~ 0.1. When comparing results from the literature, we are careful to separate out these effects. Our analysis shows that while systematics in the estimated comoving number density which arise from different treatments of the stellar population remain of order < 0.5 dex, systematics in photometry are now about 0.1 dex, despite recent claims in the literature. Compared to these more recent analyses, previous work based on Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) pipeline photometry leads to underestimates of rho_*(> M_*) by factors of 3-10 in the mass range 10^11 - 10^11.6 M_Sun, but up to a factor of 100 at higher stellar masses. This impacts studies which match massive galaxies to dark matter halos. Although systematics which arise from different treatments of the stellar population remain of order < 0.5 dex, our finding that systematics in photometry now amount to only about 0.1 dex in the stellar mass density is a significant improvement with respect to a decade ago. Our results highlight the importance of using the same stellar population and photometric models whenever low and high redshift samples are compared.Comment: 18 pages, 17 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS. The PyMorph luminosities and stellar masses are available at https://www.physics.upenn.edu/~ameert/SDSS_PhotDec

An excursion set model of the cosmic web: The abundance of sheets, filaments and halos

We discuss an analytic approach for modeling structure formation in sheets, filaments and knots. This is accomplished by combining models of triaxial collapse with the excursion set approach: sheets are defined as objects which have collapsed along only one axis, filaments have collapsed along two axes, and halos are objects in which triaxial collapse is complete. In the simplest version of this approach, which we develop here, large scale structure shows a clear hierarchy of morphologies: the mass in large-scale sheets is partitioned up among lower mass filaments, which themselves are made-up of still lower mass halos. Our approach provides analytic estimates of the mass fraction in sheets, filaments and halos, and its evolution, for any background cosmological model and any initial fluctuation spectrum. In the currently popular $\Lambda$CDM model, our analysis suggests that more than 99% of the cosmic mass is in sheets, and 72% in filaments, with mass larger than $10^{10} M_{\odot}$ at the present time. For halos, this number is only 46%. Our approach also provides analytic estimates of how halo abundances at any given time correlate with the morphology of the surrounding large-scale structure, and how halo evolution correlates with the morphology of large scale structure.Comment: 22 pages, 7 figures, Accepted for publication in Ap

Experimental test of the planar tunneling model for ballistic electron emission spectroscopy

Using planar theory of ballistic electron emission spectroscopy with the addition of scattering at the metal-semiconductor interface, we calculate an expected change in the ratio of the collector current (Ic) to the tunnel current (It) as It is varied in the well-known system Au/GaAs(100). This alternative spectroscopy is performed experimentally and is shown to differ drastically from the theory, which nevertheless agrees well with standard voltage spectroscopy. From this discrepancy, we question the applicability of one-dimensional (1D) planar theory to an inherently 3D system

Robust, data-driven inference in non-linear cosmostatistics

We discuss two projects in non-linear cosmostatistics applicable to very large surveys of galaxies. The first is a Bayesian reconstruction of galaxy redshifts and their number density distribution from approximate, photometric redshift data. The second focuses on cosmic voids and uses them to construct cosmic spheres that allow reconstructing the expansion history of the Universe using the Alcock-Paczynski test. In both cases we find that non-linearities enable the methods or enhance the results: non-linear gravitational evolution creates voids and our photo-z reconstruction works best in the highest density (and hence most non-linear) portions of our simulations.Comment: 14 pages, 10 figures. Talk given at "Statistical Challenges in Modern Astronomy V," held at Penn Stat

A case report on angioedema induced by levofloxacin: an unexpected occurrence

Angioedema is an abrupt swelling of the skin, mucous membrane, or both. It can be either food or drug induced. Drug induced Angioedema (allergic or non-allergic) is known with ACE inhibitors, NSAIDs, Beta-lactams. Levofloxacin is a well-tolerated, broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone commonly prescribed for urinary or respiratory tract infections. Common side effects with levofloxacin involve gastrointestinal tract. However, reports on Levofloxacin induced Angioedema are scarce. Hence, we report two cases of Levofloxacin induced Angioedema. In both the cases, patients developed swelling of face following ingestion of Tab. Levofloxacin 500 mg orally BD on previous day. Drug was prescribed for urinary or respiratory infection. After a provisional diagnosis of Levofloxacin induced Angioedema by the dermatologist, both the patients were asked to withdraw the drug immediately. The reaction was treated with Inj. Avil (Pheniramine maleate) 1 cc i.v. stat and Inj. Dexona (Dexamethasone) 2 cc i.v. stat in one patient whereas oral corticosteroid (Tab. Prednisolone 10mg orally OD with tapering dose) was used in second patient. Oral antihistaminics were also prescribed as per the necessity. Both patients recovered within 4-7 days. Both ADRs were uploaded via Vigiflow under Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI) with likely relationship between suspected drug and ADR. Incidence of Drug induced cutaneous ADRs (CADRs) in India is 2.85%. Instances of hypersensitivity or anaphylactic reactions with fluoroquinolones are much lesser and milder than with NSAIDs or Beta-lactams. These reactions are associated with quinolone-specific Ig E. Existence of cross reactivity with quinolones is also high. This property is due to a similar ring (4-oxo-1, 4-dihydroquinoline ring) possessed by all fluoroquinolones. This allergic angioedema confined to the skin can be treated with antihistaminics or glucocorticoids