32 research outputs found
Update on the Preliminary Design of SCALES: the Santa Cruz Array of Lenslets for Exoplanet Spectroscopy
SCALES (Santa Cruz Array of Lenslets for Exoplanet Spectroscopy) is a 2-5
micron high-contrast lenslet integral-field spectrograph (IFS) driven by
exoplanet characterization science requirements and will operate at W. M. Keck
Observatory. Its fully cryogenic optical train uses a custom silicon lenslet
array, selectable coronagraphs, and dispersive prisms to carry out integral
field spectroscopy over a 2.2 arcsec field of view at Keck with low ()
spectral resolution. A small, dedicated section of the lenslet array feeds an
image slicer module that allows for medium spectral resolution (),
which has not been available at the diffraction limit with a coronagraphic
instrument before. Unlike previous IFS exoplanet instruments, SCALES is capable
of characterizing cold exoplanet and brown dwarf atmospheres ( K) at
bandpasses where these bodies emit most of their radiation while capturing
relevant molecular spectral features.Comment: 24 pages, 13 figures, SPIE Astronomical Instruments and Telescopes
2020 conferenc
Simulating the Allocation of Organs for Transplantation
The demand for donated organs greatly exceeds supply and many candidates die awaiting transplantation. Policies for allocating deceased donor organs may address equity of access and medical efficacy, but typically must be implemented with incomplete information. Simulation-based analysis can inform the policy process by predicting the likely effects of alternative policies on a wide variety of outcomes of interest. This paper describes a family of simulations developed by the US Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients and initial experience in the application of one member of this family, the Liver Simulated Allocation Model (LSAM).Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/45816/1/10729_2004_Article_5277541.pd
Avaliação longitudinal do desenvolvimento motor e da habilidade de sentar em crianças nascidas prematuras
The evolution of selective autophagy as a mechanism of oxidative stress response: The evolutionarily acquired ability of selective autophagy receptors to respond to oxidative stress is beneficial for human longevity
Pharmacokinetics of Intravenous, Intramuscular, Oral, and Transdermal Administration of Flunixin Meglumine in Pre-wean Piglets
Castration and tail-docking of pre-wean piglets are common procedures that are known to induce pain and would benefit from pain mitigation. Flunixin meglumine (FM) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug currently approved in the United States for pyrexia in swine and lameness pain in cattle. The objective of this study was to establish the pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters resulting from intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), oral (PO) and transdermal (TD) administration of FM in pre-wean piglets. FM was administered to thirty-nine pre-wean piglets at a target dose of 2.2 mg/kg for IV and IM and 3.3 mg/kg for PO and TD route. Plasma was collected at twenty-seven time points from 0 to 9 days after FM administration and concentrations were determined using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). Pharmacokinetic data were analyzed using noncompartmental analysis (NCA) methods and nonlinear mixed-effects (NLME). Initial plasma concentration for IV (C0) 11,653 μg/L and mean peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) 6,543 μg/L (IM), 4,883 μg/L (PO), and 31.5 μg/L (TD) were measured. The time points of peak FM concentrations (tmax) were estimated 30 min, 1 h, and 24 h for IM, PO, and TD, respectively. The bioavailability (F) of PO and IM FM was estimated at >99%, while the bioavailability of TD FM was estimated to be 7.8%. The reported Cmax of FM after IM and PO administration is consistent with therapeutic concentration ranges that mitigate pain in other species and adult pigs. However, the low estimated concentration of FM after TD dosing is not expected to mitigate pain in pre-wean piglets. The low F of TD FM suggests that expanding the surface area of application is unlikely to be sufficient to establish an effective TD dose for pain, while the high bioavailability for PO FM should allow for an effective dose regimen to be established.This article is published as Kittrell, Heather C., Jonathan P. Mochel, Justin T. Brown, Anna Marie K. Forseth, Kristen P. Hayman, Suzanne M. Rajewski, Johann F. Coetzee et al. "Pharmacokinetics of intravenous, intramuscular, oral, and transdermal administration of flunixin meglumine in pre-wean piglets." Frontiers in Veterinary Science 7 (2020): 586.
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00586.
Copyright 2020 Kittrell, Mochel, Brown, Forseth, Hayman, Rajewski, Coetzee, Schneider, Ratliffe, Skoland and Karriker.
Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
Posted with permission