213 research outputs found
Vortices in equilibrium scalar electrodynamics
Scalar electrodynamics can be used to investigate the formation of cosmic
strings in the early universe. We present the results of lattice Monte Carlo
simulations of an effective three-dimensional U(1)+Higgs theory that describes
the equilibrium properties of finite-temperature scalar electrodynamics near
the transition. A gauge-invariant criterion for the existence of a vortex is
used in measuring the properties of the vortex network in the equilibrium state
both in the Coulomb and in the Higgs phase of the system. The naive definition
of the vortex density becomes meaningless in the continuum limit and special
care is needed in extracting physical quantities. Numerical evidence for a
physical discontinuity in the vortex density is given.Comment: 4 pages. Talk given by A. Rajantie at PASCOS-98, March 199
Heavy cosmic strings
We argue that cosmic strings with high winding numbers generally form in
first-order gauge symmetry breaking phase transitions, and we demonstrate this
using computer simulations. These strings are heavier than single-winding
strings and therefore more easily observable. Their cosmological evolution may
also be very different.Comment: 4 pages, updated to match the published versio
High-T QCD and dimensional reduction: measuring the Debye mass
We study the high-temperature phase of SU(2) and SU(3) QCD using lattice
simulations of an effective 3-dimensional SU(N) + adjoint Higgs -theory,
obtained through dimensional reduction. We investigate the phase diagram of the
3D theory, and find that the high-T QCD phase corresponds to the metastable
symmetric phase of the 3D theory. We measure the Debye screening mass m_D with
gauge invariant operators; in particular we determine the O(g^2) and O(g^3)
corrections to m_D. The corrections are seen to be large, modifying the
standard power-counting hierarchy in high temperature QCD.Comment: 3 pages, Latex, 3 figures. Presented by K. Rummukainen at Lattice '9
Postoperative temporomandibular dysfunction in patients with fractures of the zygomatic complex : a prospective follow-up study
The aim of this prospective follow-up study was to clarify the incidence and characteristics of dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in patients treated surgically for fractures of the zygomatic complex. Patients were evaluated on presentation and six months after injury to assess the function of the masticatory system using the Helkimo index, which incorporates two complementary subindices: the subjective symptomatic (anamnestic) index (A(i)) and the objective clinical dysfunction index (D-i). Forty-five patients (12 women and 33 men, mean (range) age 44 (21-83) years) completed the study. Six patients developed subjective symptoms of dysfunction of the TMJ during follow-up, in four of whom they were severe. Clinical findings were noted in 38 patients but without significant association with subjective symptoms. Dysfunction of the TMJ is common six months after surgical treatment of a fracture of the zygomatic complex, and patients with such fractures should be evaluated for temporomandibular dysfunction during follow-up and referred for treatment when necessary. (C) 2018 The British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Peer reviewe
Introduction to Magnetic Monopoles
One of the most basic properties of magnetism is that a magnet always has two
poles, north and south, which cannot be separated into isolated poles, i.e.,
magnetic monopoles. However, there are strong theoretical arguments why
magnetic monopoles should exist. In spite of extensive searches they have not
been found, but they have nevertheless played a central role in our
understanding of physics at the most fundamental level.Comment: 22 pages, 7 figures. To be published in Contemporary Physic
Dynamics of tachyonic preheating after hybrid inflation
We study the instability of a scalar field at the end of hybrid inflation,
using both analytical techniques and numerical simulations. We improve previous
studies by taking the inflaton field fully into account, and show that the
range of unstable modes depends sensitively on the velocity of the inflaton
field, and thereby on the Hubble rate, at the end of inflation. If topological
defects are formed, their number density is determined by the shortest unstable
wavelength. Finally, we show that the oscillations of the inflaton field
amplify the inhomogeneities in the energy density, leading to local symmetry
restoration and faster thermalization. We believe this explains why tachyonic
preheating is so effective in transferring energy away from the inflaton zero
mode.Comment: 12 pages, 10 figures, REVTeX. Minor changes, some references added.
To appear in PR
Schwinger pair production of magnetic monopoles : Momentum distribution for heavy-ion collisions
Magnetic monopoles may be produced by the dual Schwinger effect in strong magnetic fields. Today, the strongest known magnetic fields in the Universe are produced fleetingly in heavy-ion collisions. We use the complex worldline instanton method to calculate the momentum distribution of magnetic monopoles produced in heavy-ion collisions, in an approximation that includes the effect of the magnetic field to all orders but neglects monopole self-interactions. The result saturates the preparation time-energy uncertainty principle, and yields a necessary ingredient for experimental monopole searches in heavy-ion collisions.Peer reviewe
Fluxoid formation: size effects and non-equilibrium universality
Simple causal arguments put forward by Kibble and Zurek suggest that the
scaling behaviour of condensed matter at continuous transitions is related to
the familiar universality classes of the systems at quasi-equilibrium. Although
proposed 25 years ago or more, it is only in the last few years that it has
been possible to devise experiments from which scaling exponents can be
determined and in which this scenario can be tested. In previous work, an
unusually high Kibble-Zurek scaling exponent was reported for spontaneous
fluxoid production in a single isolated superconducting Nb loop, albeit with
low density. Using analytic approximations backed up by Langevin simulations,
we argue that densities as small as these are too low to be attributable to
scaling, and are conditioned by the small size of the loop. We also reflect on
the physical differences between slow quenches and small rings, and derive some
criteria for these differences, noting that recent work on slow quenches does
not adequately explain the anomalous behaviour seen here.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, presentation given at CMMP 201
- …