Influence of new irrigated croplands on wild boar (Sus scrofa) road kills in NW Spain

Influencia de los nuevos cultivos en regadío sobre las colisiones de vehículos con jabalí (Sus scrofa) en el Noroeste de España Las poblaciones de jabalí han aumentado en número y distribución en las últimas décadas en España. En dicho aumento, interviene la mayor extensión de los cultivos de maíz (Zea mays); donde la especie encuentra refugio y alimento. La expansión de la especie, provoca un aumento de colisiones de jabalí con vehículos (WBVC). El presente trabajo trata de la distribución espacio–temporal del WBVC en la meseta norte española. Normalmente, el WBVC se relaciona con la velocidad, el volumen de tráfico y/o cubierta forestal. Sin embargo, el maizal resulta la variable más relacionada en atropellos con jabalí en la meseta norte. Se dan algunas recomendaciones para evitar futuras colisiones en esta área.Influencia de los nuevos cultivos en regadío sobre las colisiones de vehículos con jabalí (Sus scrofa) en el Noroeste de España Las poblaciones de jabalí han aumentado en número y distribución en las últimas décadas en España. En dicho aumento, interviene la mayor extensión de los cultivos de maíz (Zea mays); donde la especie encuentra refugio y alimento. La expansión de la especie, provoca un aumento de colisiones de jabalí con vehículos (WBVC). El presente trabajo trata de la distribución espacio–temporal del WBVC en la meseta norte española. Normalmente, el WBVC se relaciona con la velocidad, el volumen de tráfico y/o cubierta forestal. Sin embargo, el maizal resulta la variable más relacionada en atropellos con jabalí en la meseta norte. Se dan algunas recomendaciones para evitar futuras colisiones en esta área.In recent decades, wild boar populations have increased both in number and distribution. This rise is partly related to the increase in cropland devoted to maize (Zea mays) cultivation, as wild boar find food and refuge in these areas. This population expansion has led to an increase in the number of wild boar vehicle collisions (WBVCs). The goal of the present study was to evaluate a set of spatio–temporal factors that influence WBVCs related to maize crops on the Northern Spanish Plateau (the region of Castile and Leon). We compared the maize pattern with the factors related to total WBVC numbers. We observed that whereas the total occurrence of WBVCs usually increased with forest cover and speed and traffic volumes, maize areas were one of the main explanatory variables in plateau models. To avoid collisions in these areas in future, a number of mitigation measures are outlined

Can successful forecasters help stabilize asset prices in a learning to forecast experiment?

We conduct a Learning to Forecast asset pricing experiment where the market impact of individual forecasts evolves endogenously based on the forecasters' past accuracy. We investigate how endogenous impacts affect price stability and mispricing relative to the fundamental price. Our results suggest that endogenous impacts can destabilize markets when impacts are quite sensitive to forecast accuracy: Price dispersion increases compared to the baseline treatment where impacts are constant and independent of forecast accuracy. On the other hand, mispricing can be reduced when markets are relatively stable and impacts are moderately sensitive to forecast accuracy

Síndrome hepatocutáneo : revisión bibliográfica y estudio retrospectivo de tres casos clínicos

El síndrome hepatocutáneo o dermatitis superficial necrolítica es una afección del perro que se manifiesta con lesiones costrosas y ulcerativas en la zona distal de las extremidades, en la cara y en los genitales externos. Estas lesiones cutáneas coinciden con lesiones hepáticas y con una disminución de los niveles de aminoácidos en sangre. En este trabajo se describen tres casos de perros afectados con este síndrome y se realiza un paralelismo con el eritema necrolítico migratorio descrito en medicina humana.The hepatocutaneous syndrome or superficial necrolytic dermatitis, is a dogs affection which is manifested with crusting and ulceration lesions in distal extremities on the face and the external genitals. These cutaneous lesions coincide together with hepatic lesions and decreased blood amino acid levels. In this article three cases of dogs with this syndrome are described. One comparison can be made with necrolytic migratory erythema described in human medecine

Secreted CLCA1 modulates TMEM16A to activate Ca2+-dependent chloride currents in human cells

Calcium-activated chloride channel regulator 1 (CLCA1) activates calcium-dependent chloride currents; neither the target, nor mechanism, is known. We demonstrate that secreted CLCA1 activates calcium-dependent chloride currents in HEK293T cells in a paracrine fashion, and endogenous TMEM16A/Anoctamin1 conducts the currents. Exposure to exogenous CLCA1 increases cell surface levels of TMEM16A and cellular binding experiments indicate CLCA1 engages TMEM16A on the surface of these cells. Altogether, our data suggest that CLCA1 stabilizes TMEM16A on the cell surface, thus increasing surface expression, which results in increased calcium-dependent chloride currents. Our results identify the first Cl(−) channel target of the CLCA family of proteins and establish CLCA1 as the first secreted direct modifier of TMEM16A activity, delineating a unique mechanism to increase currents. These results suggest cooperative roles for CLCA and TMEM16 proteins in influencing the physiology of multiple tissues, and the pathology of multiple diseases, including asthma, COPD, cystic fibrosis, and certain cancers. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.05875.00

Novel roles for chloride channels, exchangers, and regulators in chronic inflammatory airway diseases

Chloride transport proteins play critical roles in inflammatory airway diseases, contributing to the detrimental aspects of mucus overproduction, mucus secretion, and airway constriction. However, they also play crucial roles in contributing to the innate immune properties of mucus and mucociliary clearance. In this review, we focus on the emerging novel roles for a chloride channel regulator (CLCA1), a calcium-activated chloride channel (TMEM16A), and two chloride exchangers (SLC26A4/pendrin and SLC26A9) in chronic inflammatory airway diseases