Resonance tube igniter

Reasonance induced in stoichiometric mixtures of gaseous hydrogen-oxygen produces temperatures /over 1100 deg F/ high enough to cause ignition. Resonance tube phenomenon occurs when high pressure gas is forced through sonic or supersonic nozzle into short cavity. Various applications for the phenomenon are discussed

Technology requirements for future Earth-to-geosynchronous orbit transportation systems. Volume 1: Executive summary

Technologies including accelerated technology that are critical to performance and/or provide cost advantages for future space transportation systems are identified. Mission models are scoped and include priority missions, and cargo missions. Summary data, providing primary design concepts and features, are given for the SSTO, HLLV, POTV, and LCOTV vehicles. Significant system costs and total system costs in terms of life cycle costs in both discounted and undiscounted dollars are summarized for each of the vehicles

Technology requirements for future Earth-to-geosynchronous orbit transportation systems. Volume 3: Appendices

Technological requirements and forecasts of rocket engine parameters and launch vehicles for future Earth to geosynchronous orbit transportation systems are presented. The parametric performance, weight, and envelope data for the LOX/CH4, fuel cooled, staged combustion cycle and the hydrogen cooled, expander bleed cycle engine concepts are discussed. The costing methodology and ground rules used to develop the engine study are summarized. The weight estimating methodology for winged launched vehicles is described and summary data, used to evaluate and compare weight data for dedicated and integrated O2/H2 subsystems for the SSTO, HLLV and POTV are presented. Detail weights, comparisons, and weight scaling equations are provided

Straw application in paddy soil enhances methane production also from other carbon sources

Flooded rice fields are an important source of the greenhouse gas methane. Methane is produced from rice straw (RS), soil organic matter (SOM), and rice root organic carbon (ROC). Addition of RS is widely used for ameliorating soil fertility. However, this practice provides additional substrate for CH₄ production and results in increased CH₄ emission. Here, we found that decomposing RS is not only a substrate of CH₄ production, but in addition stimulates CH₄ production from SOM and ROC. Apart from accelerating the creation of reduced conditions in the soil environment, RS decomposition resulted in enhancement of SOM-derived CH₄ production. In particular, hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis from SOM-derived CO₂ was stimulated, presumably by H₂ released from RS decomposition. On the other hand, the enhancement of ROC-derived CH₄ production after RS application was probably caused by the significant increase of the abundance of methanogenic Archaea in the RS treatment compared with the untreated control. Our results show that traditional management of rice residues exerts a positive feedback on CH₄ production from rice fields, thus exacerbating its effect on the global CH₄ budget

Effects of noise upon human information processing

Studies of noise effects upon human information processing are described which investigated whether or not effects of noise upon performance are dependent upon specific characteristics of noise stimulation and their interaction with task conditions. The difficulty of predicting noise effects was emphasized. Arousal theory was considered to have explanatory value in interpreting the findings of all the studies. Performance under noise was found to involve a psychophysiological cost, measured by vasoconstriction response, with the degree of response cost being related to scores on a noise annoyance sensitivity scale. Noise sensitive subjects showed a greater autonomic response under noise stimulation

Traces of the Past: Raising the Allumettières (Matchworkers) in Sites of Collective Remembering

Engaging with historical events, people and places encourages students to envision history as a dynamic process where individual, group, and national identities are reproduced. These types of educational interventions can foster recognition that history—both past events and our records about them—result from a process of authorship. The recent surge of interest amongst history educators and within recent publications of provincial curricula that focus on historical thinking concepts—historical significance, primary source evidence, continuity and change, cause and consequence, historical perspectives, and the ethical dimension of historical interpretations—encourages educators to consider ways to integrate these concepts within their teaching practice. Our case study of the narrative account of the allumettières (matchworkers) of Hull, Quebec is an example of one type of classroom inquiry into local places of remembering that could be taken up in the context of recent developments in, and aspirations for, the history curriculum. Our project invites readers to engage in the historical process of understanding the past within contemporary classrooms by drawing upon a range of interdisciplinary approaches including web-based exhibits and artefacts, visits to historic sites, published accounts and dramatic representations to meet these curriculum expectations

A New Family of High-Current Cyclotrons for Isotope Production

We have developed a new family of compact cyclotrons designed to accelerate record-high currents of ions with charge-to-mass of 1/2. We have detailed engineering designs for a 5 mA H2+ cyclotron (delivering 10 mA of protons) and are extending this concept to 5 mA of deuterons (D+). The innovations enabling the high currents are: 1) bunching with an RFQ that enables efficient capture and 2) space-charge-mitigated stable bunch formation established in the first few turns. These developments can be applied to cyclotron from 5 to around 60 MeV/amu. A 20 MeV/amu deuteron cyclotron would be effective for 225Ac production via (n,2n) with fast neutrons generated by deuteron breakup in beryllium.Comment: 22 pages, 9 figures, paper to be submitted to the Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, as part of the Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Isotopes, held in Saskatoon, Canada, July 202