Positive allosteric modulators of the μ‐opioid receptor: a novel approach for future pain medications

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/109803/1/bph12599.pd

Data Management Guide: Integrated Baseline System (IBS). Version 2.1

The Integrated Baseline System (IBS) is an emergency management planning and analysis tool that is being developed under the direction of the US Army Nuclear and Chemical Agency (USANCA). The IBS Data Management Guide provides the background, as well as the operations and procedures needed to generate and maintain a site-specific map database. Data and system managers use this guide to manage the data files and database that support the administrative, user-environment, database management, and operational capabilities of the IBS. This document provides a description of the data files and structures necessary for running the IBS software and using the site map database

Modification of the Alkaline Permanganate Method for Assessing the Availability of Soil Nitrogen in Upland Soils

The alkaline permanganate digestion method has been widely used for assessing the available nitrogen pool in soils. We report that simple laboratory experiments have shown that the standard method does not include nitrate and nitrite, but that a simple modification, involving the use of Devarda's alloy, allows inclusion of nitrate and nitrite. This modification is desirable if the method is to be used for assessing available nitrogen in tropical upland soils that experience pronounced wet and dry seasons. Results with soil on our experimental farm showed that the nitrate content of the soil contributed 10 to 40 percent of the available nitrogen assessed by the modified method

Nitrogen Availability in SAT Soils: Environmental Effects on Soil Processes

In the past, fertilizer needs of crops in India have been assessed by conducting numerous fertilizer response experiments. Recent advances in crop modeling have led to suggestions that the models based on physical environmental factors may be extended to include descriptions of nutrient behavior. One difficulty in this approach is the harsh environment of the semiarid tropics (SAT) and the effect of this environment on processes affecting nitrogen availability in the soil. Another constraint is the dearth of direct measurements and quantitative descriptions of many processes in the field (e.g., mineralization, urea hydrolysis, leaching, denitrification, and ammonia volatilization). Such measurements are urgently needed, with appropriate attention to methodology, to provide information needed for models that include nutrient terms

Effects of Cropping Systems on Wilt of Safflower

Data on feasible cropping systcms to be used in semi-arid Vcrtisols to rcducc the soil borne disease of fusarium wilts of samowcr is prcsentcd. Influence of crop succcssions and fertilirers on discasc incidcncc and on the progression of wilt during the crop season are discusscd. It is suggcstcd that a break in continuous crop succcssions of samowcr in thc post rainy scason with a legume like chickpea or cowpea intcrcroppcd with pigconpca will reduce thc dixasc incidence of wilt in samowcr. This can be used as an cffectivc rnanagcrncnt practicc in hcavily infected soils where chemical treatment is impractical and a suitablc resistant variety is not available

Elemental Composition Of Groundnut Leaves As Affected By Age And Iron Chlorosis

We studied the changes with time in the composition of leaves of different age, with particular attention given to the youngest leaves, because relatively little is known of the effect of iron chlorosis on the elemental composition of groundnut leaves (Arachis hypogaea L.). For cultivar TMV2 and a number of breeder's lines, the development of chlorosis did not cause a consistent change in nutrient content of the leaves, but marked changes in content were associated with leaf age independent of chlorosis susceptibility. Concentrations of N, P, K, Cu, Mn, and Zn in the leaves of TMV2 generally decreased with increasing age; N, Zn, and Mn concentrations decreased from the unfolded buds to the second unfolded leaf (L2), but thereafter did not decrease. The concentrations of Ca increased markedly with leaf age and Mg concentrations tended to increase. These results indicate that while iron chlorosis did not cause any consistent changes in the elemental composition of groundnut leaves, marked changes in content were associated with leaf age