Larvae of Alaus myops, A. oculatus, Chalcolepidius porcatus, Hemirhipus apicalis and generic larval characterization (Elateridae, Agrypninae, Hemirhipini)

Chapitre 5International audienceLe massif des Vosges est un massif montagneux où la densité de population est élevée et qui est fréquenté par de nombreux touristes du fait de fortes concentrations urbaines dans un rayon de quelques centaines de kilomètres. Au cours des dernières décennies, l’activité agricole y a fortement régressé en matière d’emplois. Pour autant, l’emprise de la forêt et des friches, en particulier dans le sud du massif, est contenue et, de ce fait, les paysages sont restés relativement ouverts, ce que les résidents et les touristes apprécient. Le maintien de cette ouverture des paysages est évidemment singulier. Le groupe des agronomes « Pays, paysans, paysages » en analyse ici les raisons

Modelling and simulating change in reforesting mountain landscapes using a social-ecological framework

Natural reforestation of European mountain landscapes raises major environmental and societal issues. With local stakeholders in the Pyrenees National Park area (France), we studied agricultural landscape colonisation by ash (Fraxinus excelsior) to enlighten its impacts on biodiversity and other landscape functions of importance for the valley socio-economics. The study comprised an integrated assessment of land-use and land-cover change (LUCC) since the 1950s, and a scenario analysis of alternative future policy. We combined knowledge and methods from landscape ecology, land change and agricultural sciences, and a set of coordinated field studies to capture interactions and feedback in the local landscape/land-use system. Our results elicited the hierarchically-nested relationships between social and ecological processes. Agricultural change played a preeminent role in the spatial and temporal patterns of LUCC. Landscape colonisation by ash at the parcel level of organisation was merely controlled by grassland management, and in fact depended on the farmer's land management at the whole-farm level. LUCC patterns at the landscape level depended to a great extent on interactions between farm household behaviours and the spatial arrangement of landholdings within the landscape mosaic. Our results stressed the need to represent the local SES function at a fine scale to adequately capture scenarios of change in landscape functions. These findings orientated our modelling choices in the building an agent-based model for LUCC simulation (SMASH - Spatialized Multi-Agent System of landscape colonization by ASH). We discuss our method and results with reference to topical issues in interdisciplinary research into the sustainability of multifunctional landscapes

Disentangling the complexity of groundwater dependent social-ecological systems

Groundwater resources are part of larger social-ecological systems. In this chapter, we review the various dimensions of these complex systems in order to uncover the diversity of elements at stake in the evolution of an aquifer and the loci for possible actions to control its dynamics. Two case studies illustrate how the state of an aquifer is embedded in a web of biophysical and sociopolitical processes. We propose here a holistic view through an IGM-scape that describes the various possible pathways of evolution for a groundwater related social-ecological system. Then we describe the elements of this IGM-scape starting with physical entities and processes, including relations with surface water and quality issues. Interactions with society bring an additional layer of considerations, including decisions on groundwater abstraction, land use changes and even energy related choices. Finally we point out the policy levers for groundwater management and their possible consequences for an aquifer, taking into account the complexity of pathways opened by these levers

Linking Taiwan's subcritical Hsuehshan Range topography and foreland basin architecture

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/95204/1/tect2249.pd

Analyse du paysage et étude régionale des systèmes de production agricole

[eng] An analysis of the landscape and a regional study of agricultural production systems . The study of the means of development (of a region's agriculture) implies an all-round knowledge of its situation, above all of its farm units. Within the framework of such studies and with a view to synthesis, two notions are considered together : the first - technico-economic - is the farm' production systems ; the other - geographic - is the landscape. . After briefly outlining the production system and a few remarks about the limitations of studies being made at present the author develops his conception of « landscape » : a basis of data which are original because of the simultaneity in time and the superposition or proximity in space of a number of phenomena. . Landscape analysis can be organized. It then, as two examples show, brings to light the interaction of the production systems factors. It reveals certain aspects of the nature and functioning of these factors and the constraints imposed on their evolution. Finally it suggests the hypotheses which guide the analysis of present systems and the elaboration of modified or new systems. Landscape analysis has a part to play in the preliminary phases of an analysis of the agriculture of a region. [fre] L'étude des voies de développement de l'agriculture d'une région implique une connaissance globale de la situation dans laquelle elle se trouve, notamment celle des exploitations agricoles. Dans le cadre de telles études et avec un souci de synthèse, deux notions sont rapprochées : l'une, technico-économique, est le système de production des exploitations ; l'autre, géographique, est le paysage. . Après un bref rappel relatif au système de production et quelques remarques sur les limites des analyses actuellement pratiquées, l'auteur développe une conception du paysage : support d'informations originales par la simultanéité dans le temps et la superposition ou le voisinage dans l'espace, de nombreux phénomènes. . L'analyse du paysage peut être organisée. Elle révèle alors, comme 'le montrent deux exemples, des interactions entre des facteurs des systèmes de production ; elle met en lumière des aspects de d'état et du fonctionnement de ces derniers ainsi que des contraintes à leur évolution ; enfin elle suggère des hypothèses qui guident l'analyse des systèmes actuels et l'élaboration de systèmes modifiés ou nouveaux. . L'analyse du paysage prend place dans la phase de reconnaissance d'une analyse de la situation de l'agriculture d'une région.