18 research outputs found
Relativistic magnetic reconnection at X-type neutral points
Relativistic effects in the oscillatory damping of magnetic disturbances near
two-dimensional X-points are investigated. By taking into account displacement
current, we study new features of extremely magnetized systems, in which the
Alfv\'en velocity is almost the speed of light. The frequencies of the
least-damped mode are calculated using linearized relativistic MHD equations
for wide ranges of the Lundquist number S and the magnetization parameter
. These timescales approach constant values in the large resistive
limit: the oscillation time becomes a few times the light crossing time,
irrespective of , and the decay time is proportional to and
therefore is longer for a highly magnetized system.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure
First results on the cluster galaxy population from the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam survey. II. Faint end color-magnitude diagrams and radial profiles of red and blue galaxies at
We present a statistical study of the redshift evolution of the cluster
galaxy population over a wide redshift range from 0.1 to 1.1, using
optically-selected CAMIRA clusters from ~deg of the Hyper
Suprime-Cam (HSC) Wide S16A data. Our stacking technique with a statistical
background subtraction reveals color-magnitude diagrams of red-sequence and
blue cluster galaxies down to faint magnitudes of . We find that
the linear relation of red-sequence galaxies in the color-magnitude diagram
extends down to the faintest magnitudes we explore with a small intrinsic
scatter . The scatter does not evolve significantly
with redshift. The stacked color-magnitude diagrams are used to define red and
blue galaxies in clusters for studying their radial number density profiles
without resorting to photometric redshifts of individual galaxies. We find that
red galaxies are significantly more concentrated toward cluster centers and
blue galaxies dominate the outskirt of clusters. We explore the fraction of red
galaxies in clusters as a function of redshift, and find that the red fraction
decreases with increasing distances from cluster centers. The red fraction
exhibits a moderate decrease with increasing redshift. The radial number
density profiles of cluster member galaxies are also used to infer the location
of the steepest slope in the three dimensional galaxy density profiles. For a
fixed threshold in richness, we find little redshift evolution in this
location.Comment: 18pages, 10 figures, accepted as PASJ special issu
The Subaru HSC Galaxy Clustering with Photometric Redshift. I. Dark Halo Masses versus Baryonic Properties of Galaxies at 0.3≤z≤ 1.4
We present the clustering properties of low- galaxies
selected by the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program Wide layer over
deg. The wide-field and multi-wavelength observation yields
galaxies at with photometric redshifts and
physical properties. This enables the accurate measurement of angular
correlation functions and subsequent halo occupation distribution (HOD)
analysis allows the connection between baryonic properties and dark halo
properties. The fraction of less-massive satellite galaxies at is
found to be almost constant at , but it gradually decreases beyond
. However, the abundance of satellite
galaxies at is quite small even for less-massive galaxies due to the
rarity of massive centrals at high-. This decreasing trend is connected to
the small satellite fraction of Lyman break galaxies at . The
stellar-to-halo mass ratios at are almost consistent with
the predictions obtained using the latest empirical model; however, we identify
small excesses from the theoretical model at the massive end. The pivot halo
mass is found to be unchanged at at , and we systematically show that is a
universal pivot halo mass up to that is derived using only the
clustering/HOD analyses. Nevertheless, halo masses with peaked instantaneous
baryon conversion efficiencies are much smaller than the pivot halo mass
regardless of a redshift, and the most efficient stellar-mass assembly is
thought to be in progress in dark haloes.Comment: 33 pages, 16 figures, submitted to Ap
PirB regulates asymmetries in hippocampal circuitry
Left-right asymmetry is a fundamental feature of higher-order brain structure; however, the molecular basis of brain asymmetry remains unclear. We recently identified structural and functional asymmetries in mouse hippocampal circuitry that result from the asymmetrical distribution of two distinct populations of pyramidal cell synapses that differ in the density of the NMDA receptor subunit GluRε2 (also known as NR2B, GRIN2B or GluN2B). By examining the synaptic distribution of ε2 subunits, we previously found that β2-microglobulin-deficient mice, which lack cell surface expression of the vast majority of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHCI) proteins, do not exhibit circuit asymmetry. In the present study, we conducted electrophysiological and anatomical analyses on the hippocampal circuitry of mice with a knockout of the paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B (PirB), an MHCI receptor. As in β2-microglobulin-deficient mice, the PirB-deficient hippocampus lacked circuit asymmetries. This finding that MHCI loss-of-function mice and PirB knockout mice have identical phenotypes suggests that MHCI signals that produce hippocampal asymmetries are transduced through PirB. Our results provide evidence for a critical role of the MHCI/PirB signaling system in the generation of asymmetries in hippocampal circuitry
AGN number fraction in galaxy groups and clusters at z < 1.4 from the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam survey
One of the key questions on active galactic nuclei (AGN) in galaxy clusters
is how AGN could affect the formation and evolution of member galaxies and
galaxy clusters in the history of the Universe. To address this issue, we
investigate the dependence of AGN number fraction () on cluster
redshift () and distance from the cluster center ().
We focus on more than 27,000 galaxy groups and clusters at with more than 1 million member galaxies selected from the Subaru Hyper
Suprime-Cam. By combining various AGN selection methods based on infrared (IR),
radio, and X-ray data, we identify 2,688 AGN. We find that (i)
increases with and (ii) decreases with . The main contributors to the rapid increase of towards
high- and cluster center are IR- and radio-selected AGN, respectively. Those
results indicate that the emergence of the AGN population depends on the
environment and redshift, and galaxy groups and clusters at high- play an
important role in AGN evolution. We also find that cluster-cluster mergers may
not drive AGN activity in at least the cluster center, while we have tentative
evidence that cluster-cluster mergers would enhance AGN activity in the
outskirts of (particularly massive) galaxy clusters.Comment: 16 pages, 21 figures, and 2 tables, accepted for publication in PAS
ALMA 26 Arcmin Survey of GOODS-S at One-millimeter (ASAGAO): Average Morphology of High- Dusty Star-Forming Galaxies is an Exponential-Disk ()
We present morphological properties of dusty star-forming galaxies at z=1-3
determined with high-resolution (FWHM~0"19) Atacama Large
Milllimeter/submilimeter Array (ALMA) 1-mm band maps of our ASAGAO survey
covering a 26-arcmin^2 area in GOODS-S. In conjunction with the ALMA archival
data, the present sample consists of 42 ALMA sources with a wide rest-frame
far-infrared (FIR) luminosity L_FIR range of ~10^11-10^13 Lo. To obtain an
average rest-frame FIR profile, we perform individual measurements and careful
stacking of the ALMA sources using the uv-visibility method that includes
positional-uncertainty and smoothing-effect evaluations through Monte-Carlo
simulations. We find that the dusty star-forming galaxies have the average
FIR-wavelength Sersic index and effective radius of n_FIR=1.2+/-0.2 and
R_e,FIR=1.0-1.3 kpc, respectively, additionally with a point source at the
center, indicative of the existence of AGN. The average FIR profile agrees with
a morphology of an exponential-disk clearly distinguished from a spheroidal
profile (Sersic index of 4). We also examine the rest-frame optical Sersic
index n_opt and effective radius R_e,opt with the deep Hubble Space Telescope
(HST) images. Interestingly, we obtain n_opt=0.9+/-0.3 (~n_FIR) and
R_e,opt=3.2+/-0.6 kpc (>R_e,FIR), suggesting that the FIR-emitting disk is
embedded within a larger stellar disk. The rest-frame UV and FIR data of HST
and ALMA provide us a radial surface density profile of the total
star-formation rate (SFR), where the FIR SFR dominates over the UV SFR at the
center. Under the simple assumption of a constant SFR, a compact stellar
distribution found in z~1-2 compact quiescent galaxies (cQGs) is well
reproduced, while a spheroidal stellar morphology of cQGs (n_opt=4) cannot,
suggestive of other important mechanisms such as dynamical dissipation.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures, ApJ in pres
The Subaru HSC Galaxy Clustering with Photometric Redshift. I. Dark Halo Masses versus Baryonic Properties of Galaxies at 0.3≤z≤ 1.4
We present the clustering properties of low-z (z ≤ 1.4) galaxies selected by the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program Wide layer over 145 deg2. The wide-field and multiwavelength observation yields 5,064,770 galaxies at 0.3 ≤ z ≤ 1.4 with photometric redshifts and physical properties. This enables the accurate measurement of angular correlation functions, and the subsequent halo occupation distribution (HOD) analysis allows us to identify the connection between baryonic and dark halo properties. The fraction of less-massive satellite galaxies at z ≲ 1 is found to be almost constant at ∼20%, but it gradually decreases beyond . However, the abundance of satellite galaxies at z > 1 is quite small even for less-massive galaxies due to the rarity of massive centrals at high-z. This decreasing trend is connected to the small satellite fraction of Lyman break galaxies at z > 3. The stellar-to-halo mass ratios at 0.3 ≤ z ≤ 1.4 are almost consistent with the predictions obtained using the latest empirical model; however, we identify small excesses from the theoretical model at the massive end. The pivot halo mass is found to be unchanged at {10}^{12.0\mbox{--}12.2}{h}^{-1}{M}_{\odot } at 0.3 ≤ z ≤ 1.4, and we systematically show that is a universal pivot halo mass up to z ∼ 5 that is derived using only the clustering/HOD analyses. Nevertheless, halo masses with peaked instantaneous baryon conversion efficiencies are much smaller than the pivot halo mass regardless of redshift, and the most efficient stellar-mass assembly is thought to be in progress in {10}^{11.0\mbox{--}11.5}{h}^{-1}{M}_{\odot } dark halos
Uchuu-ν<SUP>2</SUP>GC galaxies and AGN: cosmic variance forecasts of high-redshift AGN for JWST, Euclid, and LSST
International audienceMeasurements of the luminosity function of active galactic nuclei (AGN) at high redshift (z ≳ 6) are expected to suffer from field-to-field variance, including cosmic and Poisson variances. Future surveys, such as those from the Euclid telescope and JWST, will also be affected by field variance. We use the Uchuu simulation, a state-of-the-art cosmological N-body simulation with 2.1 trillion particles in a volume of 25.7 Gpc3, combined with a semi-analytic galaxy and AGN formation model, to generate the Uchuu-ν2GC catalogue, publicly available, that allows us to investigate the field-to-field variance of the luminosity function of AGN. With this Uchuu-ν2GC model, we quantify the cosmic variance as a function of survey area, AGN luminosity, and redshift. In general, cosmic variance decreases with increasing survey area and decreasing redshift. We find that at z ~ 6 - 7, the cosmic variance depends weakly on AGN luminosity. This is because the typical mass of dark matter haloes in which AGN reside does not significantly depend on luminosity. Due to the rarity of AGN, Poisson variance dominates the total field-to-field variance, especially for bright AGN. We also examine the effect of parameters related to galaxy formation physics on the field variance. We discuss uncertainties present in the estimation of the faint-end of the AGN luminosity function from recent observations, and extend this to make predictions for the expected number of AGN and their variance for upcoming observations with Euclid, JWST, and the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST)
The Uchuu Simulations: Data Release 1 and Dark Matter Halo Concentrations
We introduce the Uchuu suite of large high-resolution cosmological N-body simulations. The largest simulation, named Uchuu, consists of 2.1 trillion (12 8003) dark matter particles in a box of side-length 2.0 h−1Gpc, with particle mass of 3.27 × 108h−1M⊙. The highest resolution simulation, Shin-Uchuu, consists of 262 billion (64003) particles in a box of side-length 140 h−1Mpc, with particle mass of 8.97 × 105h−1M⊙. Combining these simulations, we can follow the evolution of dark matter haloes and subhaloes spanning those hosting dwarf galaxies to massive galaxy clusters across an unprecedented volume. In this first paper, we present basic statistics, dark matter power spectra, and the halo and subhalo mass functions, which demonstrate the wide dynamic range and superb statistics of the Uchuu suite. From an analysis of the evolution of the power spectra, we conclude that our simulations remain accurate from the baryon acoustic oscillation scale down to the very small. We also provide parameters of a mass–concentration model, which describes the evolution of halo concentration and reproduces our simulation data to within 5 per cent for haloes with masses spanning nearly eight orders of magnitude at redshift 0 ≤ z ≤ 14. There is an upturn in the mass–concentration relation for the population of all haloes and of relaxed haloes at z ≳ 0.5, whereas no upturn is detected at z < 0.5. We make publicly available various N-body products as part of Uchuu Data Release 1 on the Skies & Universes site. Future releases will include gravitational lensing maps and mock galaxy, X-ray cluster, and active galactic nucleus catalogues.Instituto de AstrofÃsica de La Plat