Deterministic Model for Noise Dispersion from Gas Flaring: A Case Study of Niger – Delta Area of Nigeria

Noise is an audible acoustic energy that adversely affects the health, physiological and psychological well being of the individuals or populations. One of the major pollutants from gas flaring is the noise emanating from gas flaring stations in the Niger – Delta area of Nigeria. Noise dispersion produces many adverse effects on man and animals. Experimental analysis of noise dispersion and weather conditions used for simulation has been carried out, the modeling and simulation of noise dispersion from flare stations using visual basic programme is the main focus of this work. Results obtained shows some variation between the simulated results and experimental results, with correlation coefficient ranging from 0.955 – 0.995. Simulation results of the developed model show that the noise intensity level reduces with increasing in distance from the flare point and that weather conditions has an important influence on noise dispersion

Determination of Optimum Conditions for the Production of Activated Carbon Derived from Separate Varieties of Coconut Shells

Activated carbons were produced from coconut shells of tall and dwarf tree varieties. The activated carbon from the tall tree variety was initially synthesized using 1 M concentration of each of ZnCl2, H3PO4, and KOH solutions. From the adsorptive tests conducted using methylene blue solution, the activated carbon produced with H3PO4 gave the best absorbance and adsorptive performance. Coconut shells of dwarf tree variety were then obtained and treated with same mass of coconut shells of the tall tree variety using varied concentrations of the acid in order to determine whether the optimum concentration and temperature for producing carbon black from the coconut shells are distinct or similar for both varieties. The process was also modelled using the Differential Response Method (DRM) in order to determine the yields and adsorptive performances of the activated carbons by varying the carbonization temperature and concentration. The results from experiment and the developed mathematical model were both found to be in agreement giving the optimum concentration of phosphoric acid and pH for producing activated carbon to be 0.67 M and 2.07 for the tall tree variety and 1 M and 1.98 for the dwarf variety at optimum temperatures in the range of 450–575°C and 575°C, respectively

Corrosion monitoring in Nigerian petroleum industry :A case study of Kaduna petroleum refinery

335-338Corrosion monitoring in a petroleum refinery was carried out using coupon test method. Five different locations were selected along the pipeline of the cooling water section of the refinery. Analysis revealed that there was corrosion taking place at different rates within the refinery. The lowest rate recorded was 14 mg dm-2 day-1 and the highest rate was 42 mg dm-2 day-l. It is recommended that the chemical dosage of corrosion inhibitors be improved and that a constant monitoring program be adopted.</span

Microbial, chemical composition evaluation and development of a technological process for the production of compound spices in Nigeria

314-320Spices are vegetable products derived from fruits, seeds, roots and tree barks. They are important mainly as additives to food because of the presence of essential oil having anti-microbial and fungicidal properties. These properties have been used to some degree as the basis for food preservation and as medicinal products for certain types of diseases in Nigeria. This paper takes a look at the microbial load and chemical compositions of some of the compound spices found in Nigeria.Results reveal that some compound spices are highly contaminated with microorganisms

Design of pilot plant for the production of essential oil from <i style="">Eucalyptus</i> leaves

912-915Study presents design, construction and test run of a pilot plant for the production of essential oils (0.864 l/h) from Eucalyptus leaves. Analysis shows that the rate at which steam passes through the leaf bed may deviate from linear relationship to curve depending on the loading capacity. An oil/leave production rate of 3.0x10-2ml/g was obtained. In designing pilot plant, tank still has a dimension of 0.45 m diam and length of 1.65 m. Packed bed height was 0.565 m with an expected pressure head loss of 0.013 m. Overall heat transfer coefficient was calculated as 176.12W/m2 °C. The condenser has a heat load of 4970 kJ/s requiring a cooling water flow rate of 0.047 kg/sec