Numerical simulation of a supercritical inlet flow

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/76033/1/AIAA-1985-1214-300.pd

The Benefit of Hindsight: Tracing Edge-Cases in Distributed Systems

Today's distributed tracing frameworks are ill-equipped to troubleshoot rareedge-case requests. The crux of the problem is a trade-off between specificityand overhead. On the one hand, frameworks can indiscriminately select requeststo trace when they enter the system (head sampling), but this is unlikely tocapture a relevant edge-case trace because the framework cannot know whichrequests will be problematic until after-the-fact. On the other hand,frameworks can trace everything and later keep only the interesting edge-casetraces (tail sampling), but this has high overheads on the traced applicationand enormous data ingestion costs. In this paper we circumvent this trade-off for any edge-case with symptomsthat can be programmatically detected, such as high tail latency, errors, andbottlenecked queues. We propose a lightweight and always-on distributed tracingsystem, Hindsight, which implements a retroactive sampling abstraction: insteadof eagerly ingesting and processing traces, Hindsight lazily retrieves tracedata only after symptoms of a problem are detected. Hindsight is analogous to acar dash-cam that, upon detecting a sudden jolt in momentum, persists the lasthour of footage. Developers using Hindsight receive the exact edge-case tracesthey desire without undue overhead or dependence on luck. Our evaluation showsthat Hindsight scales to millions of requests per second, adds nanosecond-leveloverhead to generate trace data, handles GB/s of data per node, transparentlyintegrates with existing distributed tracing systems, and successfully persistsfull, detailed traces in real-world use cases when edge-case problems aredetected.<br

Comment on 'Computation of choked and supersonic turbomachinery flows by a modified potential method'

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/76485/1/AIAA-9485-236.pd

Surface Gravities for 228 M, L, and T Dwarfs in the NIRSPEC Brown Dwarf Spectroscopic Survey

We combine 131 new medium-resolution (R~2000) J-band spectra of M, L, and T dwarfs from the Keck NIRSPEC Brown Dwarf Spectroscopic Survey (BDSS) with 97 previously published BDSS spectra to study surface-gravity-sensitive indices for 228 low-mass stars and brown dwarfs spanning spectral types M5-T9. Specifically, we use an established set of spectral indices to determine surface gravity classifications for all M6-L7 objects in our sample by measuring equivalent widths (EW) of the K I lines at 1.1692, 1.1778, 1.2529 um, and the 1.2 um FeHJ absorption index. Our results are consistent with previous surface gravity measurements, showing a distinct double peak - at ~L5 and T5 - in K I EW as a function of spectral type. We analyze K I EWs of 73 objects of known ages and find a linear trend between log(Age) and EW. From this relationship, we assign age ranges to the very low gravity, intermediate gravity, and field gravity designations for spectral types M6-L0. Interestingly, the ages probed by these designations remain broad, change with spectral type, and depend on the gravity sensitive index used. Gravity designations are useful indicators of the possibility of youth, but current datasets cannot be used to provide a precise age estimate.Comment: 33 pages, 13 figures, ApJ in pres

Hubble Space Telescope Spectroscopy of Brown Dwarfs Discovered with the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer

We present a sample of brown dwarfs identified with the {\it Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer} (WISE) for which we have obtained {\it Hubble Space Telescope} ({\it HST}) Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) near-infrared grism spectroscopy. The sample (twenty-two in total) was observed with the G141 grism covering 1.10$-$1.70 $\mu$m, while fifteen were also observed with the G102 grism, which covers 0.90$-$1.10 $\mu$m. The additional wavelength coverage provided by the G102 grism allows us to 1) search for spectroscopic features predicted to emerge at low effective temperatures (e.g.\ ammonia bands) and 2) construct a smooth spectral sequence across the T/Y boundary. We find no evidence of absorption due to ammonia in the G102 spectra. Six of these brown dwarfs are new discoveries, three of which are found to have spectral types of T8 or T9. The remaining three, WISE J082507.35$+$280548.5 (Y0.5), WISE J120604.38$+$840110.6 (Y0), and WISE J235402.77$+$024015.0 (Y1) are the nineteenth, twentieth, and twenty-first spectroscopically confirmed Y dwarfs to date. We also present {\it HST} grism spectroscopy and reevaluate the spectral types of five brown dwarfs for which spectral types have been determined previously using other instruments.Comment: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal. 20 pages, 18 figures, 7 table

Observed Variability at 1um and 4um in the Y0 Brown Dwarf WISEP J173835.52+273258.9

We have monitored photometrically the Y0 brown dwarf WISEP J173835.52+273258.9 (W1738) at both near- and mid-infrared wavelengths. This ~1 Gyr-old 400K dwarf is at a distance of 8pc and has a mass around 5 M_Jupiter. We observed W1738 using two near-infrared filters at lambda~1um, Y and J, on Gemini observatory, and two mid-infrared filters at lambda~4um, [3.6] and [4.5], on the Spitzer observatory. Twenty-four hours were spent on the source by Spitzer on each of June 30 and October 30 2013 UT. Between these observations, around 5 hours were spent on the source by Gemini on each of July 17 and August 23 2013 UT. The mid-infrared light curves show significant evolution between the two observations separated by four months. We find that a double sinusoid can be fit to the [4.5] data, where one sinusoid has a period of 6.0 +/- 0.1 hours and the other a period of 3.0 +/- 0.1 hours. The near-infrared observations suggest variability with a ~3.0 hour period, although only at a <~2 sigma confidence level. We interpret our results as showing that the Y dwarf has a 6.0 +/- 0.1 hour rotation period, with one or more large-scale surface features being the source of variability. The peak-to-peak amplitude of the light curve at [4.5] is 3%. The amplitude of the near-infrared variability, if real, may be as high as 5 to 30%. Intriguingly, this size of variability and the wavelength dependence can be reproduced by atmospheric models that include patchy KCl and Na_2S clouds and associated small changes in surface temperature. The small number of large features, and the timescale for evolution of the features, is very similar to what is seen in the atmospheres of the solar system gas giants.Comment: Accepted by ApJ July 26 2016. Twenty-six pages include 8 Figures and 5 Table

Platelet-mediated thrombosis in stenosed canine coronary arteries: Inhibition by nicergoline, a platelet-active alpha-adrenergic antagonist

The effects of nicergoline, a new agent that blocks alpha-adrenergic receptors and inhibits platelet phospholipase, were evaluated in a canine model of platelet-mediated coronary thrombosis. In 48 open chest dogs, the circumflex coronary artery was stenosed by plicating the artery wall with a suture. Thirty-four of the 48 dogs exhibited cyclic reductions in flow in the stenotic vessel, followed by a sudden return to control levels. The reductions in flow were unabated in all but two dogs after heparin administration (1,000 U/kg per h), unaffected by large doses of nitroglycerin and nifedipine and associated with platelet aggregates in the stenotic segment (demonstrated by histologic and electron microscopic examination). These observations support the conclusion that the flow reductions were caused by platelet aggregation rather than by fibrin deposition or vasospasm.Twenty dogs were monitored for 1 hour after heparin administration and then assigned to a control (n = 7) or nicergoline-treated (n = 13; 1 mg/kg intravenously) group. In control dogs, cyclic reductions in flow continued unchanged for another hour, whereas in the treated group they were markedly decreased in 1 dog and completely abolished in the other 12 dogs. Aspirin (30 mg/ kg intravenously) suppressed flow reductions in all control dogs, confirming the primary role of platelet aggregation in the phenomenon.This study provides a modified model of platelet-mediated thrombosis in stenosed coronary arteries. Furthermore, the results indicate that nicergoline can effectively interfere with platelet function in vivo. The potent antithrombotic activity exhibited by nicergoline might enhance the therapeutic usefulness of this vasodilator

Radial Velocity Variability of Field Brown Dwarfs

We present paper six of the NIRSPEC Brown Dwarf Spectroscopic Survey, an analysis of multi-epoch, high-resolution (R ~ 20,000) spectra of 25 field dwarf systems (3 late-type M dwarfs, 16 L dwarfs, and 6 T dwarfs) taken with the NIRSPEC infrared spectrograph at the W. M. Keck Observatory. With a radial velocity (RV) precision of ~2 km s^−1, we are sensitive to brown dwarf companions in orbits with periods of a few years or less given a mass ratio of 0.5 or greater. We do not detect any spectroscopic binary brown dwarfs in the sample. Given our target properties, and the frequency and cadence of observations, we use a Monte Carlo simulation to determine the detection probability of our sample. Even with a null detection result, our 1σ upper limit for very low mass binary frequency is 18%. Our targets included seven known, wide brown dwarf binary systems. No significant RV variability was measured in our multi-epoch observations of these systems, even for those pairs for which our data spanned a significant fraction of the orbital period. Specialized techniques are required to reach the high precisions sensitive to motion in orbits of very low-mass systems. For eight objects, including six T dwarfs, we present the first published high-resolution spectra, many with high signal to noise, that will provide valuable comparison data for models of brown dwarf atmospheres