Nonconventional odd denominator fractional quantum Hall states in the second Landau level

We report the observation of a new fractional quantum Hall state in the second Landau level of a two-dimensional electron gas at the Landau level filling factor $\nu=2+6/13$. We find that the model of noninteracting composite fermions can explain the magnitude of gaps of the prominent 2+1/3 and 2+2/3 states. The same model fails, however, to account for the gaps of the 2+2/5 and the newly observed 2+6/13 states suggesting that these two states are of exotic origin.omposite fermion model. However, the weaker 2+2/5 and 2+6/13 states deviate significantly suggesting that these states are of exotic origin

Evidence for the Collective Nature of the Reentrant Integer Quantum Hall States of the Second Landau Level

We report an unexpected sharp peak in the temperature dependence of the magnetoresistance of the reentrant integer quantum Hall states in the second Landau level. This peak defines the onset temperature of these states. We find that in different spin branches the onset temperatures of the reentrant states scale with the Coulomb energy. This scaling provides direct evidence that Coulomb interactions play an important role in the formation of these reentrant states evincing their collective nature

Particle-hole Asymmetry of Fractional Quantum Hall States in the Second Landau Level of a Two-dimensional Hole System

We report the first unambiguous observation of a fractional quantum Hall state in the Landau level of a two-dimensional hole sample at the filling factor $\nu=8/3$. We identified this state by a quantized Hall resistance and an activated temperature dependence of the longitudinal resistance and found an energy gap of 40 mK. To our surprise the particle-hole conjugate state at filling factor $\nu=7/3$ in our sample does not develop down to 6.9 mK. This observation is contrary to that in electron samples in which the 7/3 state is typically more stable than the 8/3 state. We present evidence that the asymmetry between the 7/3 and 8/3 states in our hole sample is due to Landau level mixing

Integrated Electronic Transport and Thermometry at milliKelvin Temperatures and in Strong Magnetic Fields

We fabricated a He-3 immersion cell for transport measurements of semiconductor nanostructures at ultra low temperatures and in strong magnetic fields. We have a new scheme of field-independent thermometry based on quartz tuning fork Helium-3 viscometry which monitors the local temperature of the sample's environment in real time. The operation and measurement circuitry of the quartz viscometer is described in detail. We provide evidence that the temperature of two-dimensional electron gas confined to a GaAs quantum well follows the temperature of the quartz viscometer down to 4mK

The propensity of molecules to spatially align in intense light fields

The propensity of molecules to spatially align along the polarization vector of intense, pulsed light fields is related to readily-accessible parameters (molecular polarizabilities, moment of inertia, peak intensity of the light and its pulse duration). Predictions can now be made of which molecules can be spatially aligned, and under what circumstances, upon irradiation by intense light. Accounting for both enhanced ionization and hyperpolarizability, it is shown that {\it all} molecules can be aligned, even those with the smallest static polarizability, when subjected to the shortest available laser pulses (of sufficient intensity).Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, to be submitted to PR

Studies on the Weak Itinerant Ferromagnet SrRuO3 under High Pressure to 34 GPa

The dependence of the Curie temperature Tc on nearly hydrostatic pressure has been determined to 17.2 GPa for the weak itinerant ferromagnetic SrRuO3 in both polycrystalline and single-crystalline form. Tc is found to decrease under pressure from 162 K to 42.7 K at 17.2 GPa in nearly linear fashion at the rate dTc/dP = -6.8 K/GPa. No superconductivity was found above 4 K in the pressure range 17 to 34 GPa. Room-temperature X-ray diffraction studies to 25.3 GPa reveal no structural phase transition but indicate that the average Ru-O-Ru bond angle passes through a minimum near 15 GPa. The bulk modulus and its pressure derivative were determined to be B =192(3) GPa and B' = 5.0(3), respectively. Parallel ac susceptibility studies on polycrystalline CaRuO3 at 6 and 8 GPa pressure found no evidence for either ferromagnetism or superconductivity above 4 K

Magnetic susceptibility of alkali-TCNQ salts and extended Hubbard models with bond order and charge density wave phases

The molar spin susceptibilities $\chi(T)$ of Na-TCNQ, K-TCNQ and Rb-TCNQ(II) are fit quantitatively to 450 K in terms of half-filled bands of three one-dimensional Hubbard models with extended interactions using exact results for finite systems. All three models have bond order wave (BOW) and charge density wave (CDW) phases with boundary $V = V_c(U)$ for nearest-neighbor interaction $V$ and on-site repulsion $U$. At high $T$, all three salts have regular stacks of $\rm TCNQ^-$ anion radicals. The $\chi(T)$ fits place Na and K in the CDW phase and Rb(II) in the BOW phase with $V \approx V_c$. The Na and K salts have dimerized stacks at $T < T_d$ while Rb(II) has regular stacks at 100K. The $\chi(T)$ analysis extends to dimerized stacks and to dimerization fluctuations in Rb(II). The three models yield consistent values of $U$, $V$ and transfer integrals $t$ for closely related $\rm TCNQ^-$ stacks. Model parameters based on $\chi(T)$ are smaller than those from optical data that in turn are considerably reduced by electronic polarization from quantum chemical calculation of $U$, $V$ and $t$ on adjacent $\rm TCNQ^-$ ions. The $\chi(T)$ analysis shows that fully relaxed states have reduced model parameters compared to optical or vibration spectra of dimerized or regular $\rm TCNQ^-$ stacks.Comment: 9 pages and 5 figure

Geodesic Deviation Equation in Bianchi Cosmologies

We present the Geodesic Deviation Equation (GDE) for the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker(FRW) universe and we compare it with the equation for Bianchi type I model. We justify consider this cosmological model due to the recent importance the Bianchi Models have as alternative models in cosmology. The main property of these models, solutions of Einstein Field Equations (EFE) is that they are homogeneous as the FRW model but they are not isotropic. We can see this because they have a non-null Weyl tensor in the GDE.Comment: Submitted to Journal of Physics: Conference Series (JPCS), ERE200

Climatic effects of 1950-2050 changes in US anthropogenic aerosols - Part 2: Climate response

We investigate the climate response to changing US anthropogenic aerosol sources over the 1950–2050 period by using the NASA GISS general circulation model (GCM) and comparing to observed US temperature trends. Time-dependent aerosol distributions are generated from the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model applied to historical emission inventories and future projections. Radiative forcing from US anthropogenic aerosols peaked in 1970–1990 and has strongly declined since due to air quality regulations. We find that the regional radiative forcing from US anthropogenic aerosols elicits a strong regional climate response, cooling the central and eastern US by 0.5–1.0 °C on average during 1970–1990, with the strongest effects on maximum daytime temperatures in summer and autumn. Aerosol cooling reflects comparable contributions from direct and indirect (cloud-mediated) radiative effects. Absorbing aerosol (mainly black carbon) has negligible warming effect. Aerosol cooling reduces surface evaporation and thus decreases precipitation along the US east coast, but also increases the southerly flow of moisture from the Gulf of Mexico resulting in increased cloud cover and precipitation in the central US. Observations over the eastern US show a lack of warming in 1960–1980 followed by very rapid warming since, which we reproduce in the GCM and attribute to trends in US anthropogenic aerosol sources. Present US aerosol concentrations are sufficiently low that future air quality improvements are projected to cause little further warming in the US (0.1 °C over 2010–2050). We find that most of the warming from aerosol source controls in the US has already been realized over the 1980–2010 period