Formation of Pb(III) Intermediates in the Electrochemically Controlled Pb(II)/PbO 2

The formation of lead dioxide PbO(2), an important corrosion product in drinking water distribution systems with lead-bearing plumbing materials, has been hypothesized to involve Pb(III) intermediates, but their nature and formation mechanisms remain unexplored. This study employed the electrochemical (EC) method of rotating ring disk electrode (RRDE) and quantum chemical (QC) simulations to examine the generation of intermediates produced during the oxidation of Pb(II) to PbO(2). RRDE data demonstrate that PbO(2) deposition and reduction involves at least two intermediates. One of them is a soluble Pb(III) species that undergoes further transformations to yield immobilized PbO(2) nanoparticles. The formation of this intermediate in EC system is mediated by hydroxyl radicals (OH(•)), as was evidenced by the suppression of intermediates formation in the presence of the OH(•) scavenger para-chlorobenzoic acid. QC simulations confirmed that the oxidation of Pb(II) by OH(•) proceeds via Pb(III) species. These results show that Pb(III) intermediates play an important role in the reactions determining transitions between Pb(II) and Pb(IV) species and could impact lead release in drinking water

Influence of NOM on copper corrosion

Natural organic matter (NOM) profoundly affected the corrosion of copper in a moderately alkaline synthetic water. It decreased the rate of corrosion, increased the rate of copper leaching, and dispersed crystalline inorganic corrosion products. The interaction of NOM with corrosion products was modeled using separate phases of malachite and cuprous oxide. The authors concluded that NOM promotes the formation of pits in a certain narrow range of concentrations (0.1-0.2 mg/L in laboratory tests) and suppresses this type of corrosion at higher dosages. At low DOC concentrations, the main interaction between NOM and the surfaces of corroding metal and corrosion products is adsorption. The influence of NOM on corrosion of metals in real distribution systems must be studied in relation to long periods of surface aging, flow rate, concentration and type of oxidants, pH, and alkalinity

Influence of NOM on copper corrosion

Natural organic matter (NOM) profoundly affected the corrosion of copper in a moderately alkaline synthetic water. It decreased the rate of corrosion, increased the rate of copper leaching, and dispersed crystalline inorganic corrosion products. The interaction of NOM with corrosion products was modeled using separate phases of malachite and cuprous oxide. The authors concluded that NOM promotes the formation of pits in a certain narrow range of concentrations (0.1-0.2 mg/L in laboratory tests) and suppresses this type of corrosion at higher dosages. At low DOC concentrations, the main interaction between NOM and the surfaces of corroding metal and corrosion products is adsorption. The influence of NOM on corrosion of metals in real distribution systems must be studied in relation to long periods of surface aging, flow rate, concentration and type of oxidants, pH, and alkalinity

Influence of NOM on copper corrosion

Natural organic matter (NOM) profoundly affected the corrosion of copper in a moderately alkaline synthetic water. It decreased the rate of corrosion, increased the rate of copper leaching, and dispersed crystalline inorganic corrosion products. The interaction of NOM with corrosion products was modeled using separate phases of malachite and cuprous oxide. The authors concluded that NOM promotes the formation of pits in a certain narrow range of concentrations (0.1-0.2 mg/L in laboratory tests) and suppresses this type of corrosion at higher dosages. At low DOC concentrations, the main interaction between NOM and the surfaces of corroding metal and corrosion products is adsorption. The influence of NOM on corrosion of metals in real distribution systems must be studied in relation to long periods of surface aging, flow rate, concentration and type of oxidants, pH, and alkalinity