277,460 research outputs found
Method of increasing minority carrier lifetime in silicon web or the like
A silicon dendrite is grown as a ribbon forming two silicon crystal layers which are separated by an interface layer which contains a large number of defects. Significant increase of minority carrier lifetime with homogeneous distribution at the outer surfaces of the two silicon crystal layers is achieved by processing the web in an atmosphere of a selected gas, e.g., oxygen, nitrogen or an inert gas, for about 30 minutes to several hours at a temperature preferably on the order of 900 to 1200 C
An experimental study of the concatenated Reed-Solomon/Viterbi channel coding system performance and its impact on space communications
The need for efficient space communication at very low bit error probabilities to the specification and implementation of a concatenated coding system using an interleaved Reed-Solomon code as the outer code and a Viterbi-decoded convolutional code as the inner code. Experimental results of this channel coding system are presented under an emulated S-band uplink and X-band downlink two-way space communication channel, where both uplink and downlink have strong carrier power. This work was performed under the NASA End-to-End Data Systems program at JPL. Test results verify that at a bit error probability of 10 to the -6 power or less, this concatenated coding system does provide a coding gain of 2.5 dB or more over the Viterbi-decoded convolutional-only coding system. These tests also show that a desirable interleaving depth for the Reed-Solomon outer code is 8 or more. The impact of this "virtually" error-free space communication link on the transmission of images is discussed and examples of simulation results are given
Subtropical middle atmosphere dynamics observed by the Chung Li radar
The Chung Li Radar (24.91 N; 121.24 E) has been operating since 1986. A five beam observational configuration was used on a regular basis to study the various dynamics processes in the atmosphere-lower stratosphere height region. Due to its geographical location, the annual Typhoon and Mei-Yu seasons provide good opportunities to study the various interesting dynamic processes such as instabilities, generation of gravity waves, wave mean field interaction, etc. Three dimensional air motions due to these fronts are presented. Special cases of gravity wave generation, propagation and their effects on the turbulent layers are discussed
The structure of the magnetic reconnection exhaust boundary
The structure of shocks that form at the exhaust boundaries during
collisionless reconnection of anti-parallel fields is studied using
particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations and modeling based on the anisotropic
magnetohydrodynamic equations. Large-scale PIC simulations of reconnection and
companion Riemann simulations of shock development demonstrate that the
pressure anisotropy produced by counterstreaming ions within the exhaust
prevents the development of classical Petschek switch-off-slow shocks (SSS).
The shock structure that does develop is controlled by the firehose stability
parameter epsilon=1-mu_0(P_parallel-P_perpendicular)/ B^2 through its influence
on the speed order of the intermediate and slow waves. Here P_parallel and
P_perpendicular are the pressure parallel and perpendicular to the local
magnetic field. The exhaust boundary is made up of a series of two shocks and a
rotational wave. The first shock takes epsilon from unity upstream to a plateau
of 0.25 downstream. The condition epsilon =0.25 is special because at this
value the speeds of nonlinear slow and intermediate waves are degenerate. The
second slow shock leaves epsilon=0.25 unchanged but further reduces the
amplitude of the reconnecting magnetic field. Finally, in the core of the
exhaust epsilon drops further and the transition is completed by a rotation of
the reconnecting field into the out-of-plane direction. The acceleration of the
exhaust takes place across the two slow shocks but not during the final
rotation. The result is that the outflow speed falls below that expected from
the Walen condition based on the asymptotic magnetic field. A simple analytic
expression is given for the critical value of epsilon within the exhaust below
which SSSs no longer bound the reconnection outflow.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figure
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