Retrieval methods for ground-based millimeter-wave measurements for the network for the detection of stratospheric change

The fundamental objective is to determine the information available in ground-based millimeter-wave measurements of stratospheric constituent profiles, to identify the optimum method of retrieving this profile information, and to characterize the errors in the final result. A secondary objective is to produce retrieval software for operational use with Network for the Detection of Stratospheric Change (NDSC) measurements of O3, H2O, ClO, and perhaps N2O. Tests were performed on existing ozone retrieval programs in support of ongoing NDSC field measurements. The results show that if random spectral errors and retrieval bias errors are considered, accuracy of the retrieved profile is about 5 percent from 20-50 km, and about 10 percent from 50-60 km

Breaking the Boundary of Separatism: The Challenge for Health and Welfare Service Providers

We can see in the first example a partnership between the training center and its constituent community. In the second, we see a full systemic cycle of need, its accommodations, or lack of such, and the recognition of these arrangements by those responsible for obtaining resources and directing their utilization

Relationship between Body Image Dissatisfaction and Fear of Fatness to Severity of Smoking Behavior in a Non-Clinical Adolescent Population

Smoking is the most preventable cause of death in the U.S., yet it continues to kill more people than AIDS, automobile crashes, alcohol and drug abuse, murders, suicides, and fires---combined! In addition to a higher risk of dying prematurely, those who smoke are much more likely to experience numerous health problems. Other associated problems include dependency and tolerance to nicotine. Frequently, those who smoke are also more likely to use other substances such as marijuana, cocaine, heroine, and especially alcohol. These findings are frightening considering that it is estimated that 4.5 million are adolescents. The reasons why adolescents smoke range from the influence of peers and family members who smoke to the minimization that smoking is not that bad. Another possible reason to smoke is as a weight control strategy. This has been studied more in adult smokers than adolescents. As a result, the present study is an attempt to add to the literature on the relationship between fear of fatness and body image dissatisfaction and smoking. The present study tested the following two hypotheses: 1.) Those who have a greater fear of fatness will be heavier smokers, and 2.) Those who have greater body image dissatisfaction will be heavier smokers. A non-clinical sample of high school students from three different schools and two states (PA and New Jersey) was obtained. Self-report questionnaires and assessment inventories were administered. Results indicated that the majority of students have at least one parent (81%) and at least one friend (89%) who smokes. Most have tried to quit once. Twenty seven percent acknowledged that they have smoked to control their eating. This response item was significantly correlated with the total MAC score, the MAC Rigid Weight Subscale score, the Goldfarb Fear of Fat Scale and the Body Image Assessment score. Sixteen percent also indicated that they have smoked to control their weight. This response item was correlated with the total MAC score, all three subscales of the MAC, the Goldfarb Fear of Fat Scale, and the Body Image Assessment discrepancy score. The Rigid Weight Subscale score of the MAC predicted number of cigarettes smoked per day. The Approval and Weight Subscale score of the MAC predicted the Fagerstrom score