Teleparallel Gravity and Dimensional Reductions of Noncommutative Gauge Theory

We study dimensional reductions of noncommutative electrodynamics on flat space which lead to gauge theories of gravitation. For a general class of such reductions, we show that the noncommutative gauge fields naturally yield a Weitzenbock geometry on spacetime and that the induced diffeomorphism invariant field theory can be made equivalent to a teleparallel formulation of gravity which macroscopically describes general relativity. The Planck length is determined in this setting by the Yang-Mills coupling constant and the noncommutativity scale. The effective field theory can also contain higher-curvature and non-local terms which are characteristic of string theory. Some applications to D-brane dynamics and generalizations to include the coupling of ordinary Yang-Mills theory to gravity are also described.Comment: 31 pages LaTeX; References adde

Cisgenesis and intragenesis as new strategies for crop improvement

Cisgenesis and intragenesis are emerging plant breeding technologies which offer great promise for future acceptance of genetically engineered crops. The techniques employ traditional genetic engineering methods but are confined to transferring of genes and genetic elements between sexually compatible species that can breed naturally. One of the main requirements is the absence of selectable marker genes (such as antibiotic resistance genes) in the genome. Hence the sensitive issues with regard to transfer of foreign genes and antibiotic resistance are overcome. It is a targeted technique involving specific locus; therefore, linkage drag that prolongs the time for crop improvement in traditional breeding does not occur. It has great potential for crop improvement using superior alleles that exist in the untapped germplasm or wild species. Cisgenic and intragenic plants may not face the same stringent regulatory assessment for field release as transgenic plants which is a clear added advantage that would save time. In this chapter, the concepts of cis/intragenesis and the prerequisites for the development of cis/intragenesis plants are elaborated. Strategies for marker gene removal after selection of transformants are discussed based on the few recent reports from various plant species

Atlas of the clinical genetics of human dilated cardiomyopathy

AIM: Numerous genes are known to cause dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). However, until now technological limitations have hindered elucidation of the contribution of all clinically relevant disease genes to DCM phenotypes in larger cohorts. We now utilized next-generation sequencing to overcome these limitations and screened all DCM disease genes in a large cohort. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this multi-centre, multi-national study, we have enrolled 639 patients with sporadic or familial DCM. To all samples, we applied a standardized protocol for ultra-high coverage next-generation sequencing of 84 genes, leading to 99.1% coverage of the target region with at least 50-fold and a mean read depth of 2415. In this well characterized cohort, we find the highest number of known cardiomyopathy mutations in plakophilin-2, myosin-binding protein C-3, and desmoplakin. When we include yet unknown but predicted disease variants, we find titin, plakophilin-2, myosin-binding protein-C 3, desmoplakin, ryanodine receptor 2, desmocollin-2, desmoglein-2, and SCN5A variants among the most commonly mutated genes. The overlap between DCM, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), and channelopathy causing mutations is considerably high. Of note, we find that >38% of patients have compound or combined mutations and 12.8% have three or even more mutations. When comparing patients recruited in the eight participating European countries we find remarkably little differences in mutation frequencies and affected genes. CONCLUSIONS: This is to our knowledge, the first study that comprehensively investigated the genetics of DCM in a large-scale cohort and across a broad gene panel of the known DCM genes. Our results underline the high analytical quality and feasibility of Next-Generation Sequencing in clinical genetic diagnostics and provide a sound database of the genetic causes of DCM

Sistema portátil para medida on-line da distribuição de tempo de residência na extrusão Portable system for on-line measurement of the residence time distribution in twin-screw extrusion

A Curva de Distribuição de Tempos de Residência - CDTR tem sido largamente usada para caracterização do tipo de fluxo em extrusoras, sendo que medidas "on-line" permitem diagnosticar de modo muito rápido problemas como desgaste entre a rosca e o barril da extrusora, estagnação do material e outros. A CDTR pode ser determinada fazendo-se uso da técnica de estímulo de pulso único, onde um traçador é introduzido no sistema em um dado instante e sua concentração é estimada na saída. Este artigo propõe um sistema portátil de medida "on-line" feito através da variação da luz transmitida medida com um detector constituído por uma fonte de radiação visível e uma célula fotoelétrica e um software de coleta e tratamento de dados. Usando-se este sistema em uma extrusora de dupla rosca co-rotacional interpenetrante, pode-se verificar que a CDTR é muito mais sensível à variações na taxa de alimentação do que da velocidade de rotação da rosca e que as frações mais lentas do traçador podem demorar quatro vezes mais que as mais rápidas para saírem. Aumento na velocidade de rotação da rosca e/ou redução na taxa de alimentação aumenta o fluxo axial alargando a CDTR.<br>The residence time distribution curve (RTDC) is largely used to characterize extruder and continuous mixers flow types and on-line measurements allow quick diagnosis of their related problems. The RTDC can be obtained by the single impulse technique, where the tracer is fed into the system at one time and its concentration is estimated at the exit. This paper presents a portable on-line system consisting of a detector which has a light source, an photoelectric cell and a software to collect and analyze the data. Using this system in an intermeshing co-rotating double screw extruder one can verify that the RTDC is much more sensitive to changes of the feeding rate than the screw speed and that the slower tracer fractions may take four times longer than the faster ones to get out. Increase in screw speed and/or reduction in feeding rate increases the axial flow, widening the RTDC