3,340 research outputs found
Computer program for thermal analysis of shadow shields in a vacuum
Computer program determines temperature profiles and heat transfer rates for shadow shielded cryogenic tank. Tank, shields, and thermal radiation heat source are all axisymmetric. Thermal analysis considers varying shield and tank temperatures, surface properties, and geometric arrangements. Similar heat source properties are also considered
Analysis of a solar collector field water flow network
A number of methods are presented for minimizing the water flow variation in the solar collector field for the Solar Building Test Facility at the Langley Research Center. The solar collector field investigated consisted of collector panels connected in parallel between inlet and exit collector manifolds to form 12 rows. The rows were in turn connected in parallel between the main inlet and exit field manifolds to complete the field. The various solutions considered included various size manifolds, manifold area change, different locations for the inlets and exits to the manifolds, and orifices or flow control valves. Calculations showed that flow variations of less than 5 percent were obtainable both inside a row between solar collector panels and between various rows
Thermal performance of a liquid hydrogen tank multilayer insulation system at warm boundary temperatures of 630, 530, and 152 R
The results are presented of a study conducted to obtain experimental heat transfer data on a liquid hydrogen tank insulated with 34 layers of MLI (multilayer insulation) for warm side boundary temperatures of 630, 530, and 150 R. The MLI system consisted of two blankets, each blanket made up of alternate layers of double silk net (16 layers) and double aluminized Mylar radiation shields (15 layers) contained between two cover sheets of Dacron scrim reinforced Mylar. The insulation system was designed for and installed on a 87.6 in diameter liquid hydrogen tank. Nominal layer density of the insulation blankets is 45 layers/in. The insulation system contained penetrations for structural support, plumbing, and electrical wiring that would be representative of a cryogenic spacecraft. The total steady state heat transfer rates into the test tank for shroud temperatures of 630, 530, 152 R were 164.4, 95.8, and 15.9 BTU/hr respectively. The noninsulation heat leaks into the tank (12 fiberglass support struts, tank plumbing, and instrumentation lines) represent between 13 to 17 pct. of the total heat input. The heat input values would translate to liquid H2 losses of 2.3, 1.3, and 0.2 pct/day, with the tank held at atmospheric pressure
Conditional quantum state engineering in repeated 2-photon down conversion
The U(1,1) and U(2) transformations realized by three-mode interaction in the
respective parametric approximations are studied in conditional measurement,
and the corresponding non-unitary transformation operators are derived. As an
application, the preparation of single-mode quantum states using an optical
feedback loop is discussed, with special emphasis of Fock state preparation.
For that example, the influence of non-perfect detection and feedback is also
considered.Comment: 17 pages, 4 figures, using a4.st
A review of candidate multilayer insulation systems for potential use on wet-launched LH2 tankage for the space exploration initiative lunar missions
The storage of cryogenic propellants such as liquid hydrogen (LH2) and liquid oxygen (LO2) for the future Space Exploration Initiative (SEI) will require lightweight, high performance thermal protection systems (TPS's). For the near-term lunar missions, the major weight element for most of the TPS's will be multilayer insulation (MLI) and/or the special structures/systems required to accommodate the MLI. Methods of applying MLI to LH2 tankage to avoid condensation or freezing of condensible gases such as nitrogen or oxygen while in the atmosphere are discussed. Because relatively thick layers of MLI will be required for storage times of a month or more, the transient performance from ground-hold to space-hold of the systems will become important in optimizing the TPS's for many of the missions. The ground-hold performance of several candidate systems are given as well as a qualitative assessment of the transient performance effects
Renormalization of a gapless Hartree-Fock approximation to a theory with spontaneously broken O(N)-symmetry
The renormalization of a gapless Phi-derivable Hartree--Fock approximation to
the O(N)-symmetric lambda*phi^4 theory is considered in the spontaneously
broken phase. This kind of approach was proposed by three of us in a previous
paper in order to preserve all the desirable features of Phi-derivable
Dyson-Schwinger resummation schemes (i.e., validity of conservation laws and
thermodynamic consistency) while simultaneously restoring the Nambu--Goldstone
theorem in the broken phase. It is shown that unlike for the conventional
Hartree--Fock approximation this approach allows for a scale-independent
renormalization in the vacuum. However, the scale dependence still persists at
finite temperatures. Various branches of the solution are studied. The
occurrence of a limiting temperature inherent in the renormalized Hartree--Fock
approximation at fixed renormalization scale mu is discussed.Comment: 11 pages, 14 figures / Version accepted by Phys. Rev. D: title and
one reference change
Soft Modes, Resonances and Quantum Transport
Effects of the propagation of particles, which have a finite life-time and an
according width in their mass spectrum, are discussed in the context of
transport description. First, the importance of coherence effects
(Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal effect) on production and absorption of field quanta
in non-equilibrium dense matter is considered. It is shown that classical
diffusion and Langevin results correspond to re-summation of certain
field-theory diagrams formulated in terms of full non-equilibrium Green's
functions. Then the general properties of broad resonances in dense and hot
systems are discussed in the framework of a self-consistent and conserving
Phi-derivable method of Baym at the examples of the rho-meson in hadronic
matter and the pion in dilute nuclear matter. Further we address the problem of
a transport description that properly accounts for the damping width of the
particles. The Phi-derivable method generalized to the real-time contour
provides a self-consistent and conserving kinetic scheme. We derive a
generalized expression for the non-equilibrium kinetic entropy flow, which
includes corrections from fluctuations and mass-width effects. In special cases
an H-theorem is proved. Memory effects in collision terms give contributions to
the kinetic entropy flow that in the Fermi-liquid case recover the famous
bosonic type T^3 ln T correction to the specific heat of liquid Helium-3. At
the example of the pion-condensate phase transition in dense nuclear matter we
demonstrate important part played by the width effects within the quantum
transport.Comment: submitted to Phys. At. Nucl. (Rus.), the volume dedicated to the
memory of A.B. Migdal. 31 pages, 5 figure
Evaluation of initial collector field performance at the Langley Solar Building Test Facility
The thermal performance of the solar collector field for the NASA Langley Solar Building Test Facility is given for October 1976 through January 1977. A 1,180 square meter solar collector field with seven collector designs helped to provide hot water for the building heating system and absorption air conditioner. The collectors were arranged in 12 rows with nominally 51 collectors per row. Heat transfer rates for each row were calculated and recorded along with sensor, insolation, and weather data every five minutes using a minicomputer. The agreement between the experimental and predicted collector efficiencies was generally within five percentage points
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