8,205 research outputs found
Linear response of entanglement entropy from holography
For time-independent excited states in conformal field theories, the
entanglement entropy of small subsystems satisfies a `first law'-like relation,
in which the change in entanglement is proportional to the energy within the
entangling region. Such a law holds for time-dependent scenarios as long as the
state is perturbatively close to the vacuum, but is not expected otherwise. In
this paper we use holography to investigate the spread of entanglement entropy
for unitary evolutions of special physical interest, the so-called global
quenches. We model these using AdS-Vaidya geometries. We find that the first
law of entanglement is replaced by a linear response relation, in which the
energy density takes the role of the source and is integrated against a
time-dependent kernel with compact support. For adiabatic quenches the standard
first law is recovered, while for rapid quenches the linear response includes
an extra term that encodes the process of thermalization. This extra term has
properties that resemble a time-dependent `relative entropy'. We propose that
this quantity serves as a useful order parameter to characterize
far-from-equilibrium excited states. We illustrate our findings with concrete
examples, including generic power-law and periodically driven quenches.Comment: 31+3 pages, 8 figures; v2: typos fixed and references added; v3:
claims on universality sharpened (section 2.1), version to appear in JHE
Oxidation Resistance of Thermal Barrier Coatings Based on Hollow Alumina Particles
International audienc
Kinetic Theory of Collisionless Self-Gravitating Gases: II. Relativistic Corrections in Galactic Dynamics
In this paper we study the kinetic theory of many-particle astrophysical
systems imposing axial symmetry and extending our previous analysis in Phys.
Rev. D 83, 123007 (2011). Starting from a Newtonian model describing a
collisionless self-gravitating gas, we develop a framework to include
systematically the first general relativistic corrections to the matter
distribution and gravitational potentials for general stationary systems. Then,
we use our method to obtain particular solutions for the case of the Morgan &
Morgan disks. The models obtained are fully analytical and correspond to the
post-Newtonian generalizations of classical ones. We explore some properties of
the models in order to estimate the importance of post-Newtonian corrections
and we find that, contrary to the expectations, the main modifications appear
far from the galaxy cores. As a by-product of this investigation we derive the
corrected version of the tensor virial theorem. For stationary systems we
recover the same result as in the Newtonian theory. However, for time dependent
backgrounds we find that there is an extra piece that contributes to the
variation of the inertia tensor.Comment: 30 pages, 8 figures. v2: Minor corrections and references added.
Conclusions unchanged. v3: Version published in PR
Natural history of a visceral leishmaniasis outbreak in highland Ethiopia
In May 2005, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) was recognized for the first time in Libo Kemken, Ethiopia, a highland region where only few cases had been reported before. We analyzed records of VL patients treated from May 25, 2005 to December 13, 2007 by the only VL treatment center in the area, maintained by Médecins Sans Frontières-Ethiopia, Operational Center Barcelona-Athens. The median age was 18 years; 77.6% were male. The overall case fatality rate was 4%, but adults 45 years or older were five times as likely to die as 5-29 year olds. Other factors associated with increased mortality included HIV infection, edema, severe malnutrition, pneumonia, tuberculosis, and vomiting. The VL epidemic expanded rapidly over a several-year period, culminating in an epidemic peak in the last third of 2005, spread over two districts, and transformed into a sustained endemic situation by 2007
Kinetic Theory of Collisionless Self-Gravitating Gases: Post-Newtonian Polytropes
In this paper we study the kinetic theory of many-particle astrophysical
systems and we present a consistent version of the collisionless Boltzmann
equation in the 1PN approximation. We argue that the equation presented by
Rezania and Sobouti in A&A 354 1110 (2000) is not the correct expression to
describe the evolution of a collisionless self-gravitating gas. One of the
reasons that account for the previous statement is that the energy of a
free-falling test particle, obeying the 1PN equations of motion for static
gravitational fields, is not a static solution of the mentioned equation. The
same statement holds for the angular momentum, in the case of spherical
systems. We provide the necessary corrections and obtain an equation that is
consistent with the corresponding equations of motion and the 1PN conserved
quantities. We suggest some potential relevance for the study of high density
astrophysical systems and as an application we construct the corrected version
of the post-Newtonian polytropes.Comment: 23 pages, 24 figures. Accepted for publication in PR
Charged Annular Disks and Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m Type Black Holes from Extremal Dust
We present the first analytical superposition of a charged black hole with an
annular disk of extremal dust. In order to obtain the solutions, we first solve
the Einstein-Maxwell field equations for sources that represent disk-like
configurations of matter in confomastatic spacetimes by assuming a functional
dependence among the metric function, the electric potential and an auxiliary
function,which is taken as a solution of the Laplace equation. We then employ
the Lord Kelvin Inversion Method applied to models of finite extension in order
to obtain annular disks. The structures obtained extend to infinity, but their
total masses are finite and all the energy conditions are satisfied. Finally,
we observe that the extremal Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m black hole can be embedded
into the center of the disks by adding a boundary term in the inversion.Comment: 17 revtex pages, 8 eps figure
- …