Reaccepting the Compulsory Jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice: A Proposal for a New United States Declaration

This Comment analyzes the administration\u27s cessation of its obligations under the ICJ\u27s compulsory jurisdiction and concludes that the decision was unwarranted in failing to recognize valid alternatives which answer objections to the Court\u27s alleged politicization. An examination of the role of compulsory jurisdiction in ICJ adjudication, United States practice under compulsory jursidiction, and the bases for the administration\u27s decision provide an analytic foundation for the evaluation of alternatives to outright termination. Those alternatives are analyzed in light of the administration\u27s specific grievances. The Comment recommends reconsideration of the decision and adoption of procedural innovations in the form of proposed reservations to a future United States declaration of acceptance of the ICJ\u27s compulsory jurisdiction

De samenstelling van de zouten in het oppervlaktewater in het Zuidhollands glasdistrict

Aan de kwaliteit van het water dat in kassen voor de besproeiing van gewassen wordt gebruikt, dienen hoge eisen te worden gesteld. Zo is bij voorbeeld het gebruik van sproeiwater dat verontreinigd is met pathogène organismen, uit hygiënisch oogpunt niet toelaatbaar. Voorts kan verontreiniging met anorganische verbindingen nadelig zijn en wel vanwege een remmende invloed op de plantegroei of vanwege vervuiling van gewassen en kasopstanden. Bepaalde anorganische stoffen, zoals ijzer, kunnen reeds in lage concentratie - enkele milligrammen per liter - het water ongeschikt maken als sproeiwater

Zout gietwater bij kasteelten in West - Nederland

De glastuinbouwbedrijven in West-Nederland hebben van een hoog zoutgehalte van de grond herhaaldelijk veel nadeel ondervonden. Een dertig jaar geleden had hier de verzouting van de kasgronden de volgende oorzaken: zout gietwater; opstijgend grondwater; onoordeelkundig bemesten. Het zoutgehalte van het gietwater vormt ook thans nog een probleem

Rheological Behavior of a Dispersion of Small Lipid Bilayer Vesicles

Rheological behavior of a dispersion of small nearly-unilamellar phospholipid bilayer vesicles has been investigated. We conducted steady-state shear experiments and linear viscoelastic experiments. In the dilute and semidilute regime the rheological behavior is similar to that of a hard-sphere dispersion as reported in the literature for viscoelastic measurements, but now also observed in steady shear experiments. The effect of the main acyl-chain phase transition, taking place at 23 °C, can be described with an increase of the effective volume fraction. As a result, with temperature variation one can obtain effective volume fractions larger than the maximum packing fraction for hard spheres. Near and above the maximum packing fraction a dynamic yield stress ty and a frequency independent storage modulus G' develop. In this concentration regime the rheological behavior is determined by the interplay between vesicle deformation and the intervesicle interaction, and so far, there is no indication which phenomenon is dominant. A comparison with recently reported measurements suggests that G' is proportional to a-3, where a is the vesicle radius. Furthermore, we show that ty = γcG' which is in agreement with theory. Here tγ is the dynamic yield stress and γc the critical strain which indicates the transition to nonlinear behavior in a viscoelastic experiment. There is a striking resemblance between our high concentration results and those reported in literature for vesicles in the so-called onion phase. To the best of our knowledge this is the first rheological study for concentrated nearly-unilamellar vesicle dispersions with volume fraction and temperature as variables

Osmotic pressure of the soil solution: determination and effects on some glasshouse crops.

In a factorial experiment, calcium sulphate, sodium chloride and potassium nitrate were added to a loamy sand soil in various quantities. The experiment was carried out in an unheated glasshouse. The salt status of the soil was determined with the aid of different method of aqueous extraction. The results were correlated with the osmotic pressure of the soil solution. A close correlation was obtained with the conductivity of the saturation extract. Crop yields were correlated with the conductivity of the saturation extract and with the osmotic pressure of the plant sap. The correlation with the conductivity of the saturation extract was generally highest. With tomatoes, a clear relationship was found between the conductivity and the incidence of blotch on the fruits. In lettuce, there was a clear relationship between conductivity and the occurrence of tipburn. The yield reduction of some crops was significantly greater after the application of sodium chloride than after potassium nitrate. Apparently, this was caused by specific ion effects. The desirable salt level, the salt distribution in the soil and the determination of the osmotic pressure of the soil solution for routine soil-testing purposes are discussed. The curvilinear relationship between the salt level of the soil and the incidence of tipburn may be explained by the calcium uptake of the crop. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission

A microbiological study therapy for gonococcal of failed urethritis penicillin in Durban

Seventy-five men presenting with persistent urethral discharge after penicillin therapy were investigated for sexually transmitted pathogens during July - September 1987. The major aetiological agent isolated was Neisseria gonorrhoeae (58 patients (77,3%)). Penicillinase-producing N. gonorrhoeae (PPNG) accounted for 58,6% of 58 isolates. Chlamydia trachomatis was detected in 10,7% of patients and Trichomonas vaginalis in 14,7% of patients. When there is a high prevalence of PPNG, the use of penicillin as a first-line agent for therapy should be discontinued in favour of an agent active against PPNG and non-PPNG strains. Furthermore, in view of the relatively high prevalence of T. vaginalis, patients returning with persistent urethral discharge should be investigated and treated for infection with this protozoan