Vineyard and Cellar Notes

Individual volumes published as issues of various other NYSAES series (such as Research Circulars and Special Reports). Available years include 1958-1973. Also available in print form, see library holdings under call number: SB387.76 .N7 N681.Descriptions and evaluation of quality of wines made at the NYSAES from various grape varieties. Also included are notes on vineyard performance of the grape varieties

Molecular Genetic Features of Polyploidization and Aneuploidization Reveal Unique Patterns for Genome Duplication in Diploid Malus

Polyploidization results in genome duplication and is an important step in evolution and speciation. The Malus genome confirmed that this genus was derived through auto-polyploidization, yet the genetic and meiotic mechanisms for polyploidization, particularly for aneuploidization, are unclear in this genus or other woody perennials. In fact the contribution of aneuploidization remains poorly understood throughout Plantae. We add to this knowledge by characterization of eupolyploidization and aneuploidization in 27,542 F1 seedlings from seven diploid Malus populations using cytology and microsatellite markers. We provide the first evidence that aneuploidy exceeds eupolyploidy in the diploid crosses, suggesting aneuploidization is a leading cause of genome duplication. Gametes from diploid Malus had a unique combinational pattern; ova preserved euploidy exclusively, while spermatozoa presented both euploidy and aneuploidy. All non-reduced gametes were genetically heterozygous, indicating first-division restitution was the exclusive mode for Malus eupolyploidization and aneuploidization. Chromosome segregation pattern among aneuploids was non-uniform, however, certain chromosomes were associated for aneuploidization. This study is the first to provide molecular evidence for the contribution of heterozygous non-reduced gametes to fitness in polyploids and aneuploids. Aneuploidization can increase, while eupolyploidization may decrease genetic diversity in their newly established populations. Auto-triploidization is important for speciation in the extant Malus. The features of Malus polyploidization confer genetic stability and diversity, and present heterozygosity, heterosis and adaptability for evolutionary selection. A protocol using co-dominant markers was proposed for accelerating apple triploid breeding program. A path was postulated for evolution of numerically odd basic chromosomes. The model for Malus derivation was considerably revised. Impacts of aneuploidization on speciation and evolution, and potential applications of aneuploids and polyploids in breeding and genetics for other species were evaluated in depth. This study greatly improves our understanding of evolution, speciation, and adaptation of the Malus genus, and provides strategies to exploit polyploidization in other species

Canadice and Glenora Seedless Grapes Named

A breeding program to produce seedless grapes was begun by the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station in 1919. A major goal of this program has been to combine the seedless character that is derived from winter cold tender, disease susceptible grapes of Mediterranean origin with our native grape varieties so as to produce seedless varieties which are adapted to New York growing conditions

Growing and processing the Wayne apple

Although several years of commercial experience have revealed some substantial problems in growing Wayne, it nevertheless has outstanding potential when properly managed in the orchard and handled for processing. Wayne cannot succeed if treated as a Greening or Baldwin. It requires the use of some special cultural techniques, as do most standard sorts. Wayne is in season with Mclntosh and may show the same sensitivity to tardy harvest or improper storage conditions. This publication documents the exceptional processing qualities of Wayne and suggests a production system for Wayne that has shown promise at the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station

Notes on Wine Sample Tables

Individual volumes published as issues of various other NYSAES series (such as Research Circular, Special Report). Available for 1964-1965. Also available in print form, see library holdings under call number SB387.76 .N7 N68.Descriptions and evaluation of the quality of wines made at the NYSAES from various grape varieties (mostly hybrids)