Motivational Influences to Pursue Graduate Studies in Secondary Music Education

Motivational influences on the decision to pursue graduate studies in secondary music education were investigated. The population of secondary music education graduate students in one large Canadian university (N=13) completed a survey that included both open-ended and closed-ended response items. The greatest motivational influences to pursue graduate studies were found to be: (a) intellectual development, (b) personal development, and (c) professional development. The motivational influence Need to Refresh showed the most diversity and elicited the most prose response. Standard deviations indicated that on most items the response group was homogeneous. All results were consistent across gender and degree program, master’s or doctoral. In contrast to similar studies of educators in general, the influence of Potential Monetary Gain was not identified as important. Demographic information supplied by respondents indicated that the typical secondary music education graduate student in this university was 30 or more years of age and had five to 14 years of teaching experience. Results of this study cannot be generalized beyond the population from which the data were collected.Cette recherche porte sur les motivations qui influencent la décision de poursuivre des études supérieures en enseignement de la musique au secondaire. Des étudiants aux études supérieures inscrits à une grande université canadienne (N=13) en enseignement de la musique au secondaire ont complété une enquête impliquant des questions ouvertes et fermées. Les facteurs qui influencent le plus la décision de poursuivre des études supérieures se sont avérés être les suivants : (a) développement intellectuel, (b) développement personnel, et (c) développement professionnel. Les réponses les plus longues et les plus diversifiés évoquaient l’influence de « Need to Refresh ». Les écarts-types indiquent que pour la plupart des questions, les réponses du groupe de sujets étaient homogènes. Tous les résultats étaient cohérents pour les variables du sexe et du programme (maîtrise ou doctorat). Contrairement à d’autres études semblables auprès d’enseignants, l’influence du facteur « gain monétaire potentiel » ne s’est pas avéré important. Les données démographiques fournies par les répondants démontrent que l’étudiant diplômé type en enseignement de la musique à cette université était âgé de 30 ans ou plus et avait entre 5 et 14 années d’expérience en enseignement. Les résultats de cette recherche ne peuvent être appliqués qu’au groupe expérimental à l’étude

Pilot of an Educational Module for an Adolescent Congenital Heart Transition Program in the Pediatric Setting

Abstract PURPOSE:The purpose of this project was to pilot an educational module on a new congenital heart transition program to be instituted at a large Midwest medical system.The transition program is meant to assist pediatric cardiology patients in transferring from pediatric to adult care. An educational module was developed for inpatient health disciplines who will be involved in the transition program. Before offering the program throughout the medical system, a pilot was conducted to determine if the education was at the appropriate level. The educational module was modeled after the Got Transition Six Core Elements designed by the National Health Care Transition Center. METHODS:A prospective pretest posttest design and a Readiness Ruler was utilized for this pilot along with an interview conducted after the posttest. A group of five healthcare providers (four nurses and one non nurse) participated in this pilot. RESULTS:The participants scored a mean of 60% on the pretest and 90% on the posttest. The more experienced staff scored lower on the posttest. All reported increased readiness for program initiation after receiving education. Qualitative data revealed a two-sided response from participants in regards to the transition program. All subjects praised the independence provided to patients with the program. They expressed concerns regarding the amount of time needed to provide education to patients as well as hesitancy that may present from patients and caregivers. CONCLUSION:The results of this pilot verified the learning module provided effective education to staff and could be delivered throughout the entire hospital. Potential barriers should be considered prior to initiation of the program. A more complete readiness tool should be incorporated in the program. Once the program is initiated there will need to be follow up across all levels of participating staff

Demographic, socio-economic, and cultural factors affecting fertility differentials in Nepal

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Traditionally Nepalese society favors high fertility. Children are a symbol of well-being both socially and economically. Although fertility has been decreasing in Nepal since 1981, it is still high compared to many other developing countries. This paper is an attempt to examine the demographic, socio-economic, and cultural factors for fertility differentials in Nepal.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This paper has used data from the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS 2006). The analysis is confined to ever married women of reproductive age (8,644). Both bivariate and multivariate analyses have been performed to describe the fertility differentials. The bivariate analysis (one-way ANOVA) was applied to examine the association between children ever born and women's demographic, socio-economic, and cultural characteristics. Besides bivariate analysis, the net effect of each independent variable on the dependent variable after controlling for the effect of other predictors has also been measured through multivariate analysis (multiple linear regressions).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The mean numbers of children ever born (CEB) among married Nepali women of reproductive age and among women aged 40-49 were three and five children, respectively. There are considerable differentials in the average number of children ever born according to women's demographic, socio-economic, and cultural settings. Regression analysis revealed that age at first marriage, perceived ideal number of children, place of residence, literacy status, religion, mass media exposure, use of family planning methods, household headship, and experience of child death were the most important variables that explained the variance in fertility. Women who considered a higher number of children as ideal (β = 0.03; p < 0.001), those who resided in rural areas (β = 0.02; p < 0.05), Muslim women (β = 0.07; p < 0.001), those who had ever used family planning methods (β = 0.08; p < 0.001), and those who had a child-death experience (β = 0.31; p < 0.001) were more likely to have a higher number of CEB compared to their counterparts. On the other hand, those who married at a later age (β = -0.15; p < 0.001), were literate (β = -0.05; p < 0.001), were exposed to both (radio/TV) mass media (β = -0.05; p < 0.001), were richest (β = -0.12; p < 0.001), and were from female-headed households (β = -0.02; p < 0.05) had a lower number of children ever born than their counterparts.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The average number of children ever born is high among women in Nepal. There are many contributing factors for the high fertility, among which are age at first marriage, perceived ideal number of children, literacy status, mass media exposure, wealth status, and child-death experience by mothers. All of these were strong predictors for CEB. It can be concluded that programs should aim to reduce fertility rates by focusing on these identified factors so that fertility as well as infant and maternal mortality and morbidity will be decreased and the overall well-being of the family maintained and enhanced.</p

Intracranial Cerebrospinal Fluid Volume as a Predictor of Malignant Middle Cerebral Artery Infarction

Background and Purpose— Predicting malignant middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction can help to identify patients who may benefit from preventive decompressive surgery. We aimed to investigate the association between the ratio of intracranial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume to intracranial volume (ICV) and malignant MCA infarction. Methods— Patients with an occlusion proximal to the M3 segment of the MCA were selected from the DUST (Dutch Acute Stroke Study). Admission imaging included noncontrast computed tomography (CT), CT perfusion, and CT angiography. Patient characteristics and CT findings were collected. The ratio of intracranial CSF volume to ICV (CSF/ICV) was quantified on admission thin-slice noncontrast CT. Malignant MCA infarction was defined as a midline shift of >5 mm on follow-up noncontrast CT, which was performed 3 days after the stroke or in case of clinical deterioration. To test the association between CSF/ICV and malignant MCA infarction, odds ratios and 95% CIs were calculated for 3 multivariable models by using binary logistic regression. Model performances were compared by using the likelihood ratio test. Results— Of the 286 included patients, 35 (12%) developed malignant MCA infarction. CSF/ICV was independently associated with malignant MCA infarction in 3 multivariable models: (1) with age and admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (odds ratio, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.1–11.1), (2) with admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and poor collateral score (odds ratio, 7.0; 95% CI, 2.6–21.3), and (3) with terminal internal carotid artery or proximal M1 occlusion and poor collateral score (odds ratio, 7.7; 95% CI, 2.8–23.9). The performance of model 1 (areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves, 0.795 versus 0.824; P=0.033), model 2 (areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves, 0.813 versus 0.850; P<0.001), and model 3 (areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves, 0.811 versus 0.856; P<0.001) improved significantly after adding CSF/ICV. Conclusions— The CSF/ICV ratio is associated with malignant MCA infarction and has added value to clinical and imaging prediction models in limited numbers of patients

RevMexAA (Serie de Conferencias), 12, 164-164 (2002)

d=g ratio This is remarkable because the real physical temperature of grains undergo the strongest variations here. Finally a true change of d=g leads to a strong modi cation of T 25=60 (55 to 90 K) even if the physical temperature is stable in this regime. For a real d=g &lt; 0:002 the gas Institut f\u7fur Astrophysik, Universit\u7fat Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25/8, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. Department of Physics and Astronomy, MS-108, Rice University, 6100 South Main, Houston, TX 77005, U.S.A. -5 -4 wavelength [m] -14 -13 -12 -11 -10 lF l [W m -2 ] a max = 0.1 m = 0.2 = 0.3 = 0.4 = 0.5 = 0.75 = 1.0 Fig. 1. IR models for dierent amax at constant d=g. emission dominates completely and fakes the determination of d=g. Applying our \close to reality&quot; model, we derived for, e.g., NGC 2438 an authentic d=g of 0.0075 and a L of 400L from all IRAS uxes together. Our results clearly show that T 25=60 and d=g, if derived \classically&quot;, do not provide pure physical