The effect of crystallization conditions on tantalum distribution in molybdenum and tungsten during electron beam zone melting

The distribution of tantalum in molybdenum and tungsten single crystals during electron beam floating zone melting under different crystallization conditions was investigated. The performed line chemical analysis of specimens proved creation of tantalum micro segregation, so-called growth striations, which showed themselves on concentration profiles as periodically alternating areas with increased and decreased concentrations of tantalum. The existence of these chemical inhomogeneities suggests that stationary conditions of the crystal growth were disturbed during the zone melting, i.e. fluctuations of microscopic rate of growth occurred due to convection in the melt. The determined effective distribution coefficients of tantalum in molybdenum and tungsten approach to calculated theoretical values of the equilibrium distribution coefficient

The use of inline high-shear rotor-stator mixing for preparation of high-solids milk-protein-stabilised oil-in-water emulsions with different protein:fat ratios

The emulsification of refined palm oil (RPO) in a continuous phase consisting of skim milk concentrate (SMC) and maltodextrin with a dextrose equivalent value of 17 (MD17) to produce fat-filled milk emulsions (FFMEs), was studied. A novel inline high-shear mixing (IHSM) method was used to produce emulsions, and three protein contents were investigated at a fixed RPO content of 12%: low (7.7%), medium (10.5%) and high (13%). Pressure drop measurement was used as an inline approach to determine viscosity using the Hagen-Poiseuille equation. In addition, offline viscometry, particle size and emulsion stability analyses were performed. Emulsion fat droplet size decreased significantly (P < 0.05) as a function of number of passes through the IHSM, due to an effective increase in residence time. Furthermore, inline pressure drop data demonstrated that the emulsification process displayed two distinct stages: (i) oil injection, and (ii) reduction in fat droplet size, irrespective of protein content

Monitoring of pilot-scale induction processes for dairy powders using inline and offline approaches

The induction of two dairy powders, skim milk powder (SMP; low-protein content), and milk protein isolate (MPI, high-protein content), was studied. The powder induction approaches investigated were (1) eductor alone, (2) eductor with a static mixer, and (3) eductor with high shear inline mixing. Measurement of pressure drop, from which viscosity was determined inline using the Hagen-Poiseuille equation, offline viscometry and particle size analyses were performed. High shear inline mixing provided the most efficient induction of powders. In addition, more rapid powder induction, as observed from particle size analysis, was achieved for SMP in comparison to MPI, owing to its better rehydration properties. Inline pressure drop data demonstrated that dissolution of MPI had two distinct phases: (i) powder introduction, and (ii) powder breakdown, irrespective of configuration and concentration employed

Liguification studies with red clover.

Because total amount of lignin in the stems of cured hay plays such an important role in determining nutritive value and digestibility, this investigation was undertaken to study the process of lignification within red clover stems and relate the findings thereof to digestibility. Plants were cut at 5 different stages of maturity, and the degree of lignification determined for each stage by methods of plant histology. These individual stages were then fed to sheep and feces examined for undigested lignified elements. Lignification is initiated in the xylem, very early in the life of the plant; bundle cap cells and parenchyma tissue adjacent to the vascular strands are characteristically differentiated into elements of varying lignin content with progressive maturity. Fecal excretions on plant residues for each of the 5 cuttings proved that comminution, and henceforth digestibility of plant tissues, is directly influenced by stage of maturity and degree of lignification of the plants

Electromechanical delay of abdominal muscles is modified by low back pain prevention exercise

The objective of the research was to assess the effect of a 4-week-long training program on selected parameters: electromechanical delay (EMD) and amplitude of electromyographic signal (EMG). Fourteen female students of the University School of Physical Education participated in the study. Torques and surface electromyography were evaluated under static conditions. Surface electrodes were glued to both sides of the rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique (EO), and erector spinae (ES) muscles. The 4-week-long program was aimed at strengthening the abdominal muscles and resulted in increased EMD during maximum torque production by flexors of the trunk, increased amplitudes of the signals of the erector spinae (p = 0.005), and increased EMG amplitude asymmetry of the lower (p = 0.013) and upper part (p = 0.006) of the rectus abdominis muscle. In a training program composed of a large number of repetitions of strength exercises, in which the training person uses their own weight as the load (like in exercises such as curl-ups), the process of recruitment of motor units is similar to that found during fatiguing exercises and plyometric training

Distribution coefficients of admixtures in platinum

Translated from Czech (Report of the Department of Materials Science, Technical Univ, Ostrava, Czech Republic 1997)SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:9023.19000(VR-Trans--8595)T / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo