Peace journalism–critical discourse case study: media and the plan for Swedish and Norwegian defence cooperation

PURPOSE: To describe the occurrence of atypical, bilateral detachment of the macular neuroepithelium and Klinefelter syndrome in a young patient. METHODS: Case report. RESULTS: A 20-year-old male of Chinese origin with karyotype 47,XXY presented with bilateral central neurosensory retinal detachment. There was spontaneous improvement. CONCLUSIONS: An atypical form of detachment of the macular neuroepithelium was seen in a young patient with Klinefelter syndrome. The pathophysiological mechanism is not clear. The possibility of a hormonal imbalance is discussed. A differential diagnostic consideration is central serous chorioretinopathy and a mild form of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome. This case is of interest because of the rarity of association between Klinefelter syndrome and chorioretinal abnormalities

Comparison of central corneal thickness and anterior chamber depth measurements using three imaging technologies in normal eyes and after phakic intraocular lens implantation

Contains fulltext : 81835.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)BACKGROUND: The repeatability and interchangeability of imaging devices measuring central corneal thickness (CCT) and anterior chamber depth (ACD) are important in the assessment of patients considering refractive surgery. The purpose of this study was to investigate the agreement of CCT and ACD measurements using three imaging technologies in healthy eyes and in eyes after phakic intraocular lens implantation (pIOL). METHODS: In this comparative study, CCT and ACD were measured using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT), Orbscan II, and Pentacam in 33 healthy volunteers (66 eyes) and 22 patients (42 eyes) after pIOL implantation. Intraobserver repeatability was evaluated for all three devices in the healthy volunteer group. RESULTS: Pairwise comparison of CCT measurements showed significant differences between all devices (P < 0.001), except for the AS-OCT and Orbscan II in the healthy volunteer group (P = 0.422) and the Orbscan II and Pentacam in the pIOL group (P = 0.214). ACD measurements demonstrated significant differences between all pairwise comparisons in both groups (P < or = 0.001). Intraobserver reliability was high for CCT and ACD measurements in the healthy volunteer group, with coefficients of variation ranging from 0.6% to 1.2% and 0.4% to 0.5% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: CCT and ACD measurements using AS-OCT, Orbscan II, and Pentacam demonstrated high intraobserver reliability. However, these devices should not be used interchangeably for measurements of CCT and ACD in healthy subject and patients after pIOL implantation

Children with cataract and chronic diarrhoea: cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis.

Contains fulltext : 79979.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access

Subclinical changes in the juvenile crystalline macular dystrophy in Sjogren-Larsson syndrome detected by optical coherence tomography.

Contains fulltext : 70912.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access)PURPOSE: To study morphologic changes in the macula by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with a crystalline macular dystrophy due to the autosomal recessive neurocutaneous Sjogren-Larsson syndrome (SLS). DESIGN: Retrospective observational case series. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-seven eyes of 14 patients, mean age 14.6 (range, 3-24) years, with biochemically and genetically proven SLS underwent clinical and OCT investigation between September 2004 and September 2006. METHODS: All patients underwent full ophthalmologic examination including slit-lamp biomicroscopy and binocular ophthalmoscopy. Optical coherence tomography of all eyes was performed using the macular thickness map protocol of Stratus OCT. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Macular morphology in clinical examination and OCT. RESULTS: Beside clinically visible perimacular crystalline deposits in all eyes of all study participants, macular morphology and reflectivity were significantly changed on OCT compared with healthy eyes. We found focal hyperreflectivities in all study eyes within the perifoveal ganglion cell layer and the inner plexiform layer, corresponding to the clinical localization of retinal crystals. More interestingly, a cystoid foveal degeneration on OCT was present in the majority of patients with SLS (18/27 eyes, or 67% of all eyes studied), varying from multiple microcystoid spaces to cystoid foveal atrophy. In general, patients who were severely affected on OCT showed intense changes on previously performed cerebral magnetic resonance spectroscopy. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with SLS show a childhood-onset crystalline macular dystrophy with cystoid foveal atrophy on OCT in most cases. The intraretinal deposition of lipid metabolites may lead to Muller cell degeneration with subsequent formation of cystoid spaces or atrophic changes within the fovea. Because this macular dystrophy is present in all examined patients with SLS, familiarity with this maculopathy seems important for the diagnosis of this rare systemic disease

Evaluation of the Lenstar LS 900 non-contact biometer.

Item does not contain fulltextBACKGROUND/AIMS: Evaluation of the reproducibility of the Lenstar LS 900 non-contact biometer, and a comparison with the Visante anterior-segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and the IOLMaster. METHODS: Central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), keratometry (K) values, corneal diameter (CD) and axial length (AL) were obtained in 38 healthy volunteers (76 eyes) to determine the reproducibility of the Lenstar. CCT, ACD, CD, K values and AL measurements measured with the Lenstar were compared with the AS-OCT and IOLMaster. Intraocular lens (IOL) power calculations were done to study the significance of the difference between AL measurements. RESULTS: The reproducibility of the Lenstar was better than 0.9% for CCT, ACD, LT, K values and AL measurements. Although all correlations were highly significant (p<0.001), all comparisons showed a significant difference, except for the comparison of CD measurements using the Lenstar and IOLMaster (p = 0.175). The differences in IOL power calculations for an AL of 20, 25 and 30 mm with a mean difference between Lenstar and IOLMaster AL measurements of 0.03 mm, were 0.13 D, 0.10 D and 0.08 D, respectively. CONCLUSION: The reproducibility of the Lenstar was excellent. Small but significant differences exist between the Lenstar, Visante OCT and the IOLMaster. Therefore, measurements of the Lenstar, AS-OCT and IOLMaster are not interchangeable. Despite the significant difference between AL measurements, there is no clinically significant difference in the IOL power calculation results.1 januari 201

Iris-fixated anterior chamber phakic intraocular lens for myopia moves posteriorly with mydriasis.

Item does not contain fulltextPURPOSE: To elucidate the physiological characteristics of eyes implanted with iris-fixated anterior chamber phakic intraocular lenses (pIOLs), which are increasingly being used for the correction of higher myopic and hyperopic refractive errors. METHODS: In a case series of 20 patients (39 eyes), the position of the pIOL to the natural lens and the cornea was evaluated under photopic (135 lux) and low mesopic (< 1 lux) circumstances with anterior segment optical coherence tomography. RESULTS: The distance between the pIOL and the natural lens decreased, and congruently, the distance from the pIOL to the corneal endothelium increased under low mesopic circumstances. CONCLUSIONS: The distance between the pIOL and the corneal endothelium increases when the pupil dilates under dark circumstances, contributing to the already excellent safety data available on pIOL implantation

Validation of optical low coherence reflectometry retinal and choroidal biometry

To compare measurements of retinal thickness (RT) and choroidal thickness (ChT) obtained with an optical low coherence reflectometry (OLCR) biometer (Lenstar LS 900) with those obtained with a spectral domain optical coherence tomographer (SD OCT) (Copernicus SOCT HR) in young normal subjects

Axial length and choroidal thickness changes accompanying prolonged accommodation in myopes and emmetropes

The time course of elongation and recovery of axial length associated with a 30 minute accommodative task was studied using optical low coherence reflectometry in a population of young adult myopic (n = 37) and emmetropic (n = 22) subjects. Ten of the 59 subjects were excluded from analysis either due to inconsistent accommodative response, or incomplete anterior biometry data. Those subjects with valid data (n = 49) were found to exhibit a significant axial elongation immediately following the commencement of a 30 minute, 4 D accommodation task, which was sustained for the duration of the task, and ¬was evident to a lesser extent immediately following task cessation. During the accommodation task, on average, the myopic subjects exhibited 22 ± 34 µm, and the emmetropic subjects 6 ± 22 µm of axial elongation, however the differences in axial elongation between the myopic and emmetropic subjects were not statistically significant (p = 0.136). Immediately following the completion of the task, the myopic subjects still exhibited an axial elongation (mean magnitude 12 ± 28 µm), that was significantly greater (p < 0.05) than the changes in axial length observed in the emmetropic subjects (mean change -3 ± 16 µm). Axial length had returned to baseline levels 10 minutes after completion of the accommodation task. The time for recovery from accommodation-induced axial elongation was greater in myopes, which may reflect differences in the biomechanical properties of the globe associated with refractive error. Changes in subfoveal choroidal thickness were able to be measured in 37 of the 59 subjects, and a small amount of choroidal thinning was observed during the accommodation task that was statistically significant in the myopic subjects (p < 0.05). These subfoveal choroidal changes could account for some but not all of the increased axial length during accommodation