Latino Communities in the United States: Place-Making in the Pre-World War II, Postwar, and Contemporary City

Scholarship on Latino communities in the United States has yet to catch up with the rapid growth of this ethnic population in the country. Understanding the Latino urban experience and developing plans to better respond to both the needs of Latino communities and their integration within society is not only relevant, but also urgently necessary. Using the city of Los Angeles as a main lens, in addition to a general look at the urban Southwest, we contribute to the scholarship on the subject with a review of literature on Latino communities. We structure the review as an assessment of the various challenges and opportunities for urban Latinos in the pre-war, postwar, and contemporary city. Focusing on space, culture, economy, and governance, we chart the various roles both the private and public sectors play in meeting these challenges. Our reading of the literature shows that particular government actions in the economic and governance domains in the past had positive impacts on Latino integration, and we call for a similar effort today in addressing contemporary challenges. We conclude by suggesting that future planning scholarship on Latino communities engage the wider urban studies literature, focus on emerging forms of urbanization, and call on planners to sustain increased academic and practical interest in the topic

A linear-time algorithm to decide wether a binary word contains an overlap

SIGLECNRS 17660 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

Costo-beneficio de cribado de adenocarcinoma gástrico por pepsinógeno sérico en la población mexicana

Resumen: Introducción y objetivo: Se sabe que Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) es capaz de provocar inflamación crónica de la mucosa gástrica, que progresa lentamente a través de las etapas premalignas hasta llegar al adenocarcinoma gástrico (ACG) localizado; su pronóstico está estrechamente relacionado con la etapa en la que realiza el diagnóstico. El propósito de este estudio es determinar el costo-beneficio mediante la comparación de la esofagogastroduodenoscopia, la detección de pepsinógeno en suero o no realizar ningún cribado. Material y métodos: Utilizando cadenas de Markov y simulación de Monte Carlo se simularon los costos y los efectos de varias modalidades de detección para analizar el costo-beneficio obtenido de cada una. Para nuestra población, utilizamos los datos publicados de pacientes con cáncer gástrico, aplicables a la población mexicana. Resultados: Los resultados se informaron en proporciones incrementales de costo-efectividad. La mejor estrategia fue buscar pepsinógeno en suero, seguido de una prueba de estrategia de examen endoscópico con vigilancia continua cada 3 años. Conclusiones: La detección de pepsinógeno en suero, así como la detección endoscópica dirigida (y la vigilancia continua, si es necesario) para el cribado de ACG podría ser una intervención rentable en México a pesar de una prevalencia general de la enfermedad de baja a moderada. Abstract: Introduction and aim: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is known to be capable of causing chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa that slowly progresses through the premalignant stages, reaching localized gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC). Its outcome is closely related to the stage at which diagnosis is made. The aim of the present study was to determine cost-benefit by comparing esophagogastroduodenoscopy, serum pepsinogen detection, and no screening at all. Material and methods: Utilizing Markov chains and Monte Carlo simulation, the costs and effects of various detection modalities were simulated to analyze the cost-benefit of each strategy. For our population, we used the published data of patients with gastric cancer, applicable to the Mexican population. Results: The results were reported as incremental cost-effectiveness ratios. The best strategy was serum pepsinogen determination, followed by the strategy of endoscopic examination with continued monitoring every 3 years. Conclusions: The performance of serum pepsinogen serology and directed endoscopic examination (and continued monitoring, if necessary) for GAC screening could be a cost-effective intervention in Mexico, despite the low-to-moderate general prevalence of the disease