How Cantillon and Hume Propose the Same Theory of First-Round Effects

Richard Cantillon and David Hume both propose the theory of monetary non-neutrality, whereby the money supply changes through the money balances of specific individuals. Such an uneven distribution of monetary change then spreads throughout the economy step by step and changes relative prices. While a number of authors note that Hume and Cantillon both present the same theory, they do so without seeking confirmation from the original texts. I fill this gap in the literature by identifying the main constituent parts of the theory in the contributions of both Cantillon and Hume

Political essays

Colonization and colonial government.--The revolution in America.--International law.--Fragments on Ireland.--Our defences: a national or a standing army.--Thoughts on university reform a-propos of the Irish educational crisis of 1865-6.--The presnt position of the Irish university question; 1873.Mode of access: Internet

P246 Development of a new Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patient Identifier shortens time to clinic review and initiation of treatment

Timely diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is important because earlier use of biologic therapies leads to mucosal healing, a reduction in hospitalisations and surgeries and improvements in quality of life. In the United Kingdom, general practitioners refer patients with symptoms suggestive of IBD to colorectal surgeons, emergency department physicians, gastroenterologists or directly for a lower gastrointestinal endoscopy. Consequently, there is variation in the time from endoscopic diagnosis of IBD to specialist review. We created an electronic tool that screens all endoscopy reports for a new diagnosis of IBD. These cases are then reviewed in our weekly complex multidisciplinary team (MDT) meeting and new patients are allocated an IBD specialist. We sought to determine whether our new patient identifier reduced the time to clinical review by an IBD specialist and initiation of IBD treatment.We designed a retrospective observational cohort study comparing time from endoscopic diagnosis of IBD to initiation of treatment and IBD specialist review. Outcomes were compared in the 18 months before and after the introduction, in January 2018, of our new IBD patient identifier. Demographic, endoscopic and treatment outcome data were recorded from our electronic patient record. Categorical and continuous variables were summarised as frequencies (%) and median [IQR] and compared with Fisher’s exact and Mann Whitney U tests respectively.Between the 1st January 2018 and 30th June 2019, 116 new patients diagnosed with IBD were identified and reviewed in our MDT meeting. In the preceding 18 months, 111 patients were diagnosed with IBD. There were no significant differences between groups according to sex, age, age at diagnosis, disease type, or phenotype according to the Montreal classification (Table 1). Both the median time from endoscopic diagnosis to treatment initiation (0 days [IQR 0 – 14.2] vs 14 days [IQR 0 – 31.6], p=0.007) and specialist clinic review (21 days [IQR 7 - 25] vs 48 days [IQR 34 – 63], p<0.0001) were shorter following the introduction of the new IBD patient identifier screening tool (Figure 1).Systematic electronic screening of endoscopic reports linked to MDT review reduces the time to first treatment and specialist review in newly diagnosed patients with IBD.The article is available via Open Access. Click on the 'Additional link' above to access the full-text.Published version, accepted version (12 month embargo), submitted versio

Mitella kiusiana Makino

原著和名: ツクシチャルメルサウ科名: ユキノシタ科 = Saxifragaceae採集地: 熊本県 阿蘇郡 波野村 (肥後 阿蘇郡 波野村)採集日: 1979/5/8採集者: 萩庭丈壽整理番号: JH000596国立科学博物館整理番号: TNS-VS-95059