Ιστορική και πολεοδομική εξέλιξη της πόλης του Βερολίνου - Συγκριτική μελέτη αναβάθμισης υποβαθμισμένων περιοχών σε Αθήνα και Βερολίνο

130 σ.Αντικείμενο της διπλωματικής εργασίας είναι η ιστορική αναδρομή και πολεοδομική εξέλιξη της πόλης του Βερολίνου από την ίδρυσή της μέχρι σήμερα, όπως και η σύγκριση δύο πρώην υποβαθμισμένων περιοχών που αναβαθμίστηκαν τις τελευταίες δύο δεκαετίες, σε Βερολίνο και Αθήνα αντίστοιχα. Η περιγραφή αυτή έχει ως σκοπό την παρουσίαση της σπουδαιότητας και του ρόλου του Βερολίνου δια μέσου των αιώνων, την επισήμανση των πολιτικών, νομοθετικών και πολεοδομικών γεγονότων και εξελίξεων που έπαιξαν σημαντικό ρόλο στην πορεία του, καθώς και τον εντοπισμό ομοιοτήτων και διαφορών από την ανάλυση της σύγκρισης των δύο περιοχών μελέτης. Η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία αποτελείται από έξι κεφάλαια. Στο Κεφάλαιο 1 δίνονται γενικές πληροφορίες για το Βερολίνο, περιγράφοντας τη γεωγραφική θέση και έκταση, το κλίμα, τον πληθυσμό, τα δημογραφικά στοιχεία και την διοικητική διαίρεση της πόλης. Στο Κεφάλαιο 2 παρουσιάζεται η ιστορική αναδρομή του Βερολίνου από την ίδρυση του το 1237 μέχρι και σήμερα, επισημαίνοντας τα σημαντικότερα ιστορικά γεγονότα. Στο Κεφάλαιο 3 αναλύονται πολεοδομικά σχέδια (Σχέδια Χρήσης Γης), που έπαιξαν σημαντικό ρόλο στην εξέλιξη του Βερολίνου, ως προς τον σκοπό, το περιεχόμενο και τις επιπτώσεις τους, περιγράφοντας παράλληλα την πολιτική, νομοθετική και πολεοδομική εξέλιξη της πόλης. Στο Κεφάλαιο 4 εξετάζεται η αναβάθμιση της περιοχή μελέτης Warschauer Straße του Βερολίνου. Στο Κεφάλαιο 5 εξετάζεται η αναβάθμιση της περιοχής μελέτης του Γκαζιού της Αθήνας. Στο Κεφάλαιο 6 περιλαμβάνονται τα συμπεράσματα και τα αποτελέσματα της σύγκρισης των δύο περιοχών μελέτης.Subject of the thesis is the historical overview and urban development of the city of Berlin from its foundation until today, as well as the comparison of two formerly degraded areas that have been upgraded over the past two decades, in Berlin and Athens respectively. This description is intended to show the importance and role of Berlin through the ages, highlight political, legislative and planning events and developments that played an important role in its course, and identify similarities and differences from the comparison analysis of the two study areas. This thesis consists of six chapters. Chapter 1 contains general information about Berlin, describing the geographical location and area, climate, population, demographics and administrative division of the city. Chapter 2 presents the historical overview of Berlin from its founding in 1237 until today, highlighting the most important historical events. In Chapter 3 we continue with the analysis of the aim, the contents, and the impact of urban plans (Land Use Plans), which played an important role in the evolution of Berlin, while describing the political, legislative and urban development of the city. Chapter 4 examines the upgrade of the study area Warschauer Straße, Berlin. Chapter 5 examines the upgrade of the study area of Gazi, Athens. Chapter 6 gives the conclusions and results of the comparison of the two study areas.Βασίλειος Σ. Βλάχο

Conversion of sub-tropical native vegetation to introduced conifer forest: Impacts on below-ground and above-ground carbon pools

Land-use change can have a major influence on soil organic carbon (SOC) and above-ground C pools. We assessed a change from native vegetation to introduced Pinus species plantations on C pools using eight paired sites. At each site we determined the impacts on 0–50 cm below-ground (SOC, charcoal C, organic matter C, particulate organic C, humic organic C, resistant organic C) and above-ground (litter, coarse woody debris, standing trees and woody understorey plants) C pools. In an analysis across the different study sites there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in SOC or above-ground tree C stocks between paired native vegetation and pine plantations, although significant differences did exist at specific sites. SOC (calculated based on an equivalent soil mass basis) was higher in the pine plantations at two sites, higher in the native vegetation at two sites and did not differ for the other four sites. The site to site variation in SOC across the landscape was far greater than the variation observed with a change from native vegetation to introduced Pinus plantation. Differences between sites were not explained by soil type, although tree basal area was positively correlated with 0–50 cm SOC. In fact, in the native vegetation there was a significant linear relationship between above-ground biomass and SOC that explained 88.8% of the variation in the data. Fine litter C (0–25 mm diameter) tended to be higher in the pine forest than in the adjacent native vegetation and was significantly higher in the pine forest at five of the eight paired sites. Total litter C (0–100 mm diameter) increased significantly with plantation age (R2 = 0.64). Carbon stored in understorey woody plants (2.5–10 cm DBH) was higher in the native vegetation than in the adjacent pine forest. Total site C varied greatly across the study area from 58.8 Mg ha−1 at a native heathland site to 497.8 Mg ha−1 at a native eucalypt forest site. Our findings suggest that the effects of change from native vegetation to introduced Pinus sp. forest are highly site-specific and may be positive, negative, or have no influence on various C pools, depending on local site characteristics (e.g. plantation age and type of native vegetation)

Aluminium effects on mechanical properties of cell wall analogues

Aluminium (Al) toxicity adversely impacts plant productivity in acid soils by restricting root growth and although several mechanisms are involved the physiological basis of decreased root elongation remains unclear. Understanding the primary mechanisms of Al rhizotoxicity is hindered due to the rapid effects of soluble Al on root growth and the close proximity of many cellular components within the cell wall, plasma membrane, cytosol and nucleus with which Al may react. To overcome some of these difficulties, we report on a novel method for investigating Al interactions with Komagataeibacter xylinus bacterial cellulose (BC)-pectin composites as cell wall analogues. The growth of K. xylinus in the presence of various plant cell wall polysaccharides, such as pectin, has provided a unique in vitro model system with which to investigate the interactions of Al with plant cell wall polysaccharides. The BC-pectin composites reacted in a similar way with Al as do plant cell walls, providing insights into the effects of Al on the mechanical properties of the BC-pectin composites as cell wall analogues. Our findings indicated that there were no significant effects of Al (4-160 μM) on the tensile stress, tensile strain or Young's modulus of the composites. This finding was consistent with cellulose, not pectin, being the major load bearing component in BC-pectin composites, as is also the case in plant cell walls

Development of methodology for polyamine analysis and its application to heavy metal-induced stress in apple plants

Thesis (M. Sc. Agric.) -- University of Stellenbosch, 1994.One copy microfiche.Full text to be digitised and attached to bibliographic record